tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-62151175688852511682023-07-17T21:37:47.374-07:00Research article critique example apaOliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.comBlogger232125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-53234008111112355492020-08-26T18:26:00.001-07:002020-08-26T18:26:05.210-07:00Endodontic Surgery (Apicoectomy)Endodontic Surgery (Apicoectomy) In this cutting edge times persistent progressively wish to save their characteristic dentition and frequently hesitant to arrive teeth removed . Endodontic medical procedure (apicoectomy) is the treatment performed on the root apices of a tainted tooth, and its resection and expulsion of obsessive tissues around the apices followed by arrangement of a filling (retrofilling) to seal the root end. Endodontic medical procedure offers quiet another opportunity or the last opportunity to spare there tooth. Achievement of Root end medical procedure had a poor anticipation and achievement rate in the past yet because of late advances Endontics because of the careful working magnifying lens and new tecniques the rate is a lot higher than before progress Its signs are as per the following 1 RCT rewarded tooth that has serious periapical aggravation regardless of an agreeable RCT 2 Tooth with persistant periapical irritation and lacking RCT and has the accompanying issues a Severely bended root waterways where access is an issue to arrive at the peak b Completely calcified root channels C Presence of post and centers in root d Breakage of little instrument or filling material where it isn't retrievable and a disease is as yet present in the apical area. Teeth with periapical aggravation where fulfillment of endodontic treatment due to 1 Foreign body present in the periapical tissues 2 Perforation of the sub-par mass of the mash chamber 3 Perforation of the root 4 Fracture of the apical third of the root 5 Dental irregularities (Dense in Dente ) 6 Access for periradicular curettage A non mending endodontic injury is perceived by relentless torment as well as expanding, perhaps with radiographic changes demonstrating expanding periapical bone misfortune. Non recuperating endodontically rewarded teeth that don't have all the earmarks of being mending are not programmed signs for extraction and supplanting with an embed. Persevering nonhealing cases can be spared by endodontic microsurgery with a typically positive guess Nonsurgical endodontic treatment has a high pace of clinical accomplishment in spite of the anatomic and pathologic difficulties of the method. Achievement if there should arise an occurrence of tooth without periapical expansion of pathosis is over 90%. Then again, examines show that contaminated root trenches with an augmentation of pathosis into the periapical space have a decreased mending limit . already the regular endosurgery has exceptionally low achievement rate . it was recorded as low as 37.4 % however now with late headway in endodontic medical procedure the achievement rate has improved fundamentally. As per an examination directed by shimon Friedman and Chaim Mor ( achievement of endodontic treatment - mending and usefulness) in patients were endodontic medical procedure is played out the odds of recuperating after retreatment is between 74 to 86 %and their possibility of being utilitarian additional time is 91 to 97 % .Another investigation ( current endodontic medical procedure idea and practice by syngcuk Kim and Samuel Kratchman)said that the traditonal apical surgerybased on clinical manifestations and radiographic discoveries ranges from 44% to 90%.it has significantly higher achievement rate with the endodontic microsurgery. . As indicated by another investigation (result of careful endodontic treatment performed by an advanced strategy A meta anlysis directed by Igor Tsesis , Surgical endodontic treatment have a triumph pace of 91 .4 % when followed up in a year time . Agreeing toa study named Outcome of endodontic smaller scale re-medical procedure by Minju tune and group à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢ ¦. At the point when an endodontic medical procedure bombs we have to distinguish the issue and discover the explanation behind disappointment. To tackle the issue further treatment like retreatment with medical procedure and, extraction are the suitable choices. A few examinations in the past have reported poor achievement rate on the off chance that we need to re-try a bombed medical procedure once more. In any case, this investigation said that with the new magnifying instrument and microsurgical gadgets the achievement rate can be as high as 92.9 %. The greater part of the explanation behind disappointment is poor technique,poor seal at the apical locale and not utilizing biocompatible materials like MTA and super PBA before. In another ongoing examination it was discovered that, at any rate in America, endodontic medical procedure was the most economical mediat ion for fizzled RCT when contrasted with endodontic re-treatment and crown, extraction and fixed incomplete dental replacement, or extraction and embed (Kim Solomon, 2011). At the point when essential 'endodontic treatment bombs retreatment ought to be done and when withdrawn and on the off chance that there is extreme irritation in the periapical tissues, at that point endo medical procedure can be an alternative utilizing advance techniqies and great operationg expertise can add to the accomplishment of endo medical procedure. 1 Microscope The magnifying lens will give great representation, distinguishing proof and treatment of contaminated trenches, isthmuses and variation life structures not reachable with customary instrumentation methods. Magnifying lens can reach to increasingly various areas and restricted spaces, by giving an away from of vision. Great representation likewise forestalls harm to anatomical structures. Minute methods essentially decline intricacies and extend the case materialness for playing out this strategy on teeth neighboring these structures. With expanded amplification and light, separating the root surface from the encompassing bone is likewise improved .A primary driver of nonsurgical endodontic disappointment results from the failure to clean and sanitize the apical channel space, which is a mind boggling anatomical substance. 2 ultrasonic tips That permit exact planning along the long hub of the root channel with away from of the readiness . This method will permit us to do establish end fillings in the correct situation to seal the root channel to adequate filling profundity and thickness to successfully seal the waterway, dentinal tubules and extra trenches. Perfect ultrasonic tip length is 3mm long. At least 3mm planning profundity is expected to forestall spillage. 3 Surgical advances A littler osteotomy will decrease bone evacuation (around 3-4mm) in breadth diminished bone and allows speedier uneventful postoperative recuperating postoperative mending. By evacuating less bone in the coronal heading, buccal bone can be protected and ensuing periodontal sequelae that may prompt the loss of the tooth are forestalled. Root-tip resection of 3mm is expected to dispense with parallel channels and apical implication An examination shows that the resection of 3mm of pinnacle takes out 98 percent of apical consequences and 93 percent of sidelong waterways. Root segment slope edge is diminished to 0 - 10 degrees Away from of the resected pull surfaces for break and anoatomical varieties Root-end fillings with MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate-It has phenomenal biocompatibility, osteo-and cemento-inductive capacities, viable antibacterial and fixing properties, and quicker radiographic recuperating in contrast with SuperEBA and IRM. MTA won't cause delicate tissue staining that can in any case result from root-end filling materials like amalgam Amplification Eyes or Loupes (1-4x) Microscope (4-24x) Brightening Dental light Bright centered light Armamentarium Macro-instruments Micro-instruments Osteotomy Size Large (7-10mm measurement) Small (3-3mm width) Slope Angle Acute (45-60 degree) Shallow (0-10 degree) Root-end Preparation Non-hub Axial to long pivot of tooth Profundity of Root-end prep 1mm non-pivotal 3mm hub Review resected root surface None Always Root-end filling material Amalgam MTA Achievement rate more than 1 year Less than half Over 90% Rundown There are numerous elements to consider when deciding to perform microsurgeryâ on a tooth as opposed to performing other treatment choices such asâ nonsurgical retreatment or tooth extraction. Luckily for the patient,â the capacity to perform endodontic microsurgery is a viable and highlyâ successful system that produces insignificant distress, lightens periradicularâ pathosis, keeps up reclamations and accommodates work andâ aesthetics as appeared in Figure 6.33,34 Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-70560938257941812112020-08-22T09:06:00.001-07:002020-08-22T09:06:10.700-07:00Young Goodman Brown3 Essay Paper Example For StudentsYouthful Goodman Brown3 Essay Paper ?youthful goodman earthy colored Young Goodman Brown ââ¬Å"ââ¬Å"Young Goodman Brownâ⬠â⬠by NathanielHawthorne contains a lot of imagery. The images take numerous formsfrom the setting to the characters. The images can be seen asjust part of the story line, yet apon further idea theyrepresent a wide range of things. Confidence, Brownââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢s spouse, is asymbol herself. At the point when he says, ââ¬Å"ââ¬Å"My love and my Faith,â⬠â⬠he isusing his significant other as an image and is truly alluding to his loveand confidence in God. He proceeds to state ââ¬Å"ââ¬Å"this one night I should tarryaway from thee.â⬠â⬠He implies that he should part from his confidence inGod to continue with his excursion. He additionally says to the fallen angel, ââ¬Å"ââ¬Å"Faith held me back awhileâ⬠â⬠and is making reference to a higherbeing that is attempting to shield him from making his excursion bydelaying it. At the point when Brown finds the pink lace that his significant other waswearing lying in the woodland he says, ââ¬Å"ââ¬Å"my Faith is goneâ⬠â⬠and isreferring to himself as losing his confidence in God. Likewise, GoodmanBrownââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢s ââ¬Å"ââ¬Å"errandâ⬠â⬠represents the Puritan journey where they wereto discover the arrangement that God has set for them and let confidence be theirguidance. As Goodman Brown proceeds with his ââ¬Å"ââ¬Å"errandâ⬠â⬠and thingbegin to go exhibit he becomes powerless and tumbles to the ground. Hebegins to question whether there truly was a Heaven above him andthis is a key moment that Goodman Browns confidence starts to car. We will compose a custom article on Young Goodman Brown3 Paper explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Goodman Brown in alarm announces that With Heaven above, andFaith underneath, I will yet stand firm against the fallen angel! This issimilar to a Puritan placing his confidence in God and followingââ¬Å"ââ¬Å"Godââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ Plan.â⬠â⬠The woodland that Goodman Brown dares to initself is an image. In the Puritan days the townspeople werebarred from going into the timberland since that is the place evillurked and even says ââ¬Å"ââ¬Å" my dad never went into the woodsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦norhis father him.â⬠â⬠Hawthorne depicted the forrest as ââ¬Å"ââ¬Å" adreary street, obscured by all the gloomiest trees of the forestâ⬠â⬠and even jokes of the insidiousness hiding there when he says ââ¬Å"ââ¬Å"there perhaps an underhanded Indian behind each treeâ⬠â⬠and ââ¬Å"ââ¬Å"What if the devilhimself ought to be at my very elbow!â⬠â⬠Hawthorne even uses themain character as an image. His name, Young Goodman Brown makesreference to him as being youthful and a decent individual. At that point Hawthornegives him such a typical last name, that it relates him to any andeverybody, much the same as he does in one of his other short stories,ââ¬Å"ââ¬Å"Everymanâ⬠â⬠, when he utilizes this as a kind of perspective to the entirety of society. Another image that is available in the story is the baffling manin the woodland. He represents the fallen angel or wickedness in the story andstrangely looks somewhat like GoodmanBrown.â⬠â⬠The Devil had with him a staff that drag the likenessof an extraordinary dark snake. The staff, which seemed as though a snake,symbolizes the snake in the narrative of Adam and Eve. The snake ledAdam and Eve to their pulverization by driving them to the Tree ofKnowledge, similarly as Brown is being directed to unfathomed information bythe fallen angel, and thusly is being directed to his demolition. Just likeAdam and Eve, when Brown finds the ââ¬Å"ââ¬Å" wellspring of all wickedartsâ⬠â⬠his confidence is banished from him similarly as Adam and Eve werecast from the nursery. The story all in all represents that thepotential for insidious dwells in everyone. The remainder of Brownââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢slife is pulverized in view of his failure to confront reality ofsin and live with it. The story, which may have been a fantasy, andnot a genuine occasion, planted the seed of uncertainty in Browns mind,which him to lose his confidence in his individual man and leaves himalone and discouraged. His life closes alone and hopeless on the grounds that hewas always unable to take a gander at himself and understand that what hebelieved were everybody elses issues were his too, and thisled to his seclusion from the network. Earthy colored was covered withno cheerful stanza upon his gravestone; for his withering hour wasBibliography: Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-57397560405376365212020-08-21T06:12:00.003-07:002020-08-21T06:12:08.225-07:0020 Different Types of Psychologists and What They Do20 Different Types of Psychologists and What They Do January 21, 2020 Verywell / Mary McLain More in Student Resources Careers APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips What are the different types of psychologists and what exactly do they do in the variety of branches of psychology? When people hear the term psychologist, many immediately imagine a man or woman sitting in an office, scribbling notes while a client sits on a leather fainting couch. Sure, there are plenty of psychologists who engage in this type of talk therapy, but people who work in the field of psychology also do a variety of other things. Did you know that there are psychologists who study how people work and interact with the tools in their environment? Or that some psychologists come up with ways to help slow global warming? Below is a list of some of the specialty areas and related tasks they include. Aviation Psychologists These psychologists study the behavior of pilots and other flight crew members. Aviation psychologists also perform research on airline safety, develop new training equipment, and help select suitable employees. For example, an aviation psychologist might select or even develop psychological tests used to screen applicants for elite pilot positions. Because of the highly specialized and delicate nature of the job, it is essential to choose candidates who are healthy, stable, and capable of coping with intense pressure. Aviation psychologists utilize their knowledge of psychology to ensure that only the best people are chosen for these critical roles. Aviation psychologists might also work with other professionals including engineers and human factors psychologists to design different components of airplanes such as the cabins or flight decks. By taking human psychology into consideration during the design process, aviation psychologists can help ensure that these products are developed with perception, attention, memory, and other capabilities in mind. Biopsychologists These psychologists are also sometimes called biological psychologists or physiological psychologists. They study and perform research on the brain and behavior. By examining the neural bases of behavior, biopsychologists are able to understand different biological factors that might impact how people think, feel, and act. This type of psychologist might also investigate how brain disease and injury impact behavior. By better understanding of how people are affected by such injuries and diseases, researchers can also find new ways of preventing, treating, and managing serious brain illnesses and trauma. Clinical Psychologists Clinical psychologists assess, diagnose and treat individuals suffering from psychological distress and mental illness. They also perform psychotherapy and develop treatment plans. Clinical psychologists often work in hospitals, mental health clinics, and private practice. They are trained in a variety of treatment techniques but may specialize in treating certain disorders or working with certain populations. For example, a clinical psychologist might specialize in an area such as substance abuse treatment, child mental health, adult mental health, or geriatric mental health. While clinical psychologists often work in medical settings, they are not physicians and in most cases cannot prescribe medications. According to the American Psychologist Association, clinical psychologists make an average of $80,00 per year. Cognitive Psychologists Cognitive psychologists investigate how people think, including topics such as decision-making and problem-solving. This type of psychologist is interested in how the brain processes, learns, stores, recognizes, and utilizes information. Cognitive psychologists may work in a variety of settings including universities, research centers, rehabilitation facilities, hospitals, government agencies, and in private practice. Professionals in this field often perform a range of duties such as conducting research and working with patients. As with other areas of psychology, cognitive psychologists often choose to specialize in a particular area such as memory, language development, attention, problem-solving, or learning disabilities. Community Psychologists This type of psychologist conducts research on community health issues. They also seek to educate the community and develop prevention programs. These professionals are focused on helping lead positive changes at both the individual and community levels. You may find community psychologists working in a range of settings at universities, government agencies, community organizations, and private businesses as professors, consultants, policy advisors, program directors, and researchers. Research in this area tends to be very action-oriented and focuses on developing real-world solutions that can immediately be put into practice. Community psychologists work to address social problems, promote health and wellness, and enact policies that improve peoples lives. Comparative Psychologists Comparative psychologists study the behavior of different species, particularly how animal and human behavior differs. Why study animals? Because while there are obviously major differences, it is assumed that some things may hold true for all species. Therefore studying the behaviors and responses of animals such as rats and dogs can provide insights into human behaviors as well. Such observations have proven important throughout much of psychologys history. Thorndikes work with cats, Pavlovs work with dogs, and Skinners work with pigeons are just some of the examples of comparative psychology in which animal behavior can provide insights into human behavior. Experimental psychologists make an average of $92,000 per year, second only to organizational-institutional psychologists in terms of income. Consumer Psychologists Also known as marketing psychologists, consumer psychologists research consumer behavior and develop marketing strategies to promote businesses. This type of psychologist is involved in helping businesses better understand what makes consumers purchase products and services. They research how buyers respond to marketing messages, analyze decision-making strategies, and investigate the role that emotions play in purchasing choices. These professionals help businesses develop marketing messages, identify target audiences, develop products that appeal to specific consumers, and learn about how attitudes toward brands and product form and change. They accomplish these tasks through the use of market research surveys, experiments, naturalistic observations, and consumer focus groups. Counseling Psychologists Counseling psychologists provide psychotherapy to people suffering from psychological disturbances, behavioral problems, emotional difficulties, stress, and related issues. These professionals share many commonalities with clinical psychologists. Counseling psychologists make an average of $85,000 per year. As with clinical psychologists, they provide psychotherapy and can legally identify themselves as licensed psychologists. Cross-Cultural Psychologists Cross-cultural psychologists look at how people vary across cultures and how cultural affiliations influence behavior. They often explore how different aspects of behavior may be either universal or varied across different cultures. For example, cross-cultural psychologists might investigate how parenting styles differ between collectivist cultures versus individualist cultures as well as how these differences in upbringing influence adult behavior. Developmental Psychologists Developmental psychologists research human development across the entire lifespan. Some focus on a specific period such as early childhood, adolescence, adulthood, or old age. These professionals may perform tasks such as evaluating children who may have a developmental delay or disability, investigating issues associated with aging, and studying how language skills are acquired. Some developmental psychologists may focus on research and add to our understanding of developmental issues that can arise throughout life. Other professionals may perform applied work with clients who need assistance in coping with developmental issues. Educational Psychologists These psychologists study how people learn and the educational process. This might involve developing instructional strategies and teaching techniques. Some educational psychologists study giftedness or learning disabilities. This type of psychologist looks at how social, cognitive, and emotional factors impact the learning process. Some professionals in this field specialize in identifying and dealing with potential problems that might interfere with how children learn. Others specialize in researching the learning process, while some might instead focus on designing instructional materials that maximize learning outcomes. Educational psychologists make an average of $75,000 per year, slightly less than the average ($77,030) for all psychology professions, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Engineering Psychologists Engineering psychologists are focused on discovering ways to enhance human abilities by improving machines, equipment, technology, and work environments. While some may focus on more basic research, this is most often a very applied field. Engineering psychologists work to solve real-world problems and develop solutions that can have practical applications in everyday life. Engineering psychologists may be tasked with developing technology that can be used in the healthcare industry to help patients recover faster. They also help design and refine products that people use each and every day including mobile phones and motor vehicles. Environmental Psychologists Environmental psychologists explore the relationship between people and their surroundings, including natural environments as well as created environments. This might involve working on conservation projects, helping to protect endangered species, and investigating ways to halt global warming. These professionals may work as researchers to study the impact that humans have on their environments. Some environmental psychologists also work in government to shape environmental policies. Forensic Psychologists Forensic psychologists focus on the relationship between psychology and the law. This might involve acting as a consultant in criminal cases or civil disputes, performing child custody evaluations, and offering psychotherapy services to crime victims. Thanks to popular depictions in movies and television programs, interest in this field has grown tremendously in recent years. While these pop culture depictions often portray the forensic psychologist as a sleuth working to catch criminals, real forensic psychologists typically perform duties such as assessing juvenile and adult offenders for risk of recidivism, working with child witnesses, evaluating competency to stand trial, and offering professional testimony in court. Health Psychologists Health psychologists are centered on how psychology, biology, social groups, and behavior influence wellness, illness, and overall health. They work with clients to help maximize well-being and improve both mental and physical health. Some professionals in this field perform clinical work where they assess and treat clients who are seeking assistance with a variety of health issues. This might involve providing psychotherapy, administering different psychological assessments, teaching people about different coping techniques, and educating clients about healthy behaviors. Industrial-Organizational Psychologists I-O psychologists study workplace behavior such as how to select the best employees for particular jobs and how to increase worker productivity. An I-O psychologist might utilize his or her knowledge of psychological principles to design assessments to screen candidates for specific job roles. They may also be tasked with developing training programs for existing employees in order to increase knowledge, maximize efficiency, and minimize injury. I-O psychologists are also frequently asked to assess businesses on an organizational level and look for new ways to lower costs, improve efficiency, and increase employee satisfaction and retention. Industrial-organizational psychologists are the highest paid category of specialists, earning an average of $125,000 per year. Military Psychologists Military psychologists practice psychology in a military setting. This can include such things as treating soldiers who have a mental illness or emotional distress, researching different aspects of military life, and helping soldiers transition back to civilian life. Some military psychologists focus on performing psychotherapy within different branches of the military, while others apply their knowledge of the human mind and behavior toward recruiting, combating stress, training, decision-making, and leadership. Personality Psychologists Personality psychologists study the different aspects of personality and how individual traits influence an individuals life and behavior. Researchers in the field of personality psychology are interested in a wide range of topics that can have applications in everyday life. For example, they might study how personality forms and whether it can be changed. They might also investigate whether certain personality traits are tied to specific illnesses or disorders, how personality influences the decisions people make, and the many factors that contribute to the development of personality. School Psychologists School psychologists help children cope with emotional, academic, social, and behavior problems in school settings. Professionals who work in this field of psychology play a vital role in the educational system, typically collaborating with parents, teachers, students, and other school staff to ensure that the learning environment is healthy, safe, supportive, and productive. Children who are struggling with some sort of issue, whether it is behavioral, emotional, or academic in nature, can work with a school psychologist to come up with an effective plan to deal with the difficulty.?? School psychologists provide direct intervention or behavioral management when needed, or may simply offer support and advice to students who need someone to talk to. Social Psychologists Social psychologists study the behavior of groups including how people behave in social settings and how groups influence individual behavior. A social psychologist might investigate a wide range of topics including attitudes, prejudice, communication, interpersonal relationships, aggression, and persuasion. For some professionals, this largely involves conducting basic research designed to add to our understanding of social behavior. In other cases, social psychologists utilize their skills and knowledge to influence human behavior in order to foster healthier and more productive groups. Social psychologists can expect to earn an average of $85,000 per year, particularly if employed in a public or governmental institution. A Word From Verywell As you can see from these brief descriptions, there are many types of psychology and psychologists that focus on a wide variety of human behaviors. If you are considering a career in psychology, you will need to determine which psychology career option is the best fit for you. Which Psychology Career Is Right for You? Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-88420966282432415982020-08-21T06:12:00.001-07:002020-08-21T06:12:07.900-07:0020 Different Types of Psychologists and What They Do20 Different Types of Psychologists and What They Do January 21, 2020 Verywell / Mary McLain More in Student Resources Careers APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips What are the different types of psychologists and what exactly do they do in the variety of branches of psychology? When people hear the term psychologist, many immediately imagine a man or woman sitting in an office, scribbling notes while a client sits on a leather fainting couch. Sure, there are plenty of psychologists who engage in this type of talk therapy, but people who work in the field of psychology also do a variety of other things. Did you know that there are psychologists who study how people work and interact with the tools in their environment? Or that some psychologists come up with ways to help slow global warming? Below is a list of some of the specialty areas and related tasks they include. Aviation Psychologists These psychologists study the behavior of pilots and other flight crew members. Aviation psychologists also perform research on airline safety, develop new training equipment, and help select suitable employees. For example, an aviation psychologist might select or even develop psychological tests used to screen applicants for elite pilot positions. Because of the highly specialized and delicate nature of the job, it is essential to choose candidates who are healthy, stable, and capable of coping with intense pressure. Aviation psychologists utilize their knowledge of psychology to ensure that only the best people are chosen for these critical roles. Aviation psychologists might also work with other professionals including engineers and human factors psychologists to design different components of airplanes such as the cabins or flight decks. By taking human psychology into consideration during the design process, aviation psychologists can help ensure that these products are developed with perception, attention, memory, and other capabilities in mind. Biopsychologists These psychologists are also sometimes called biological psychologists or physiological psychologists. They study and perform research on the brain and behavior. By examining the neural bases of behavior, biopsychologists are able to understand different biological factors that might impact how people think, feel, and act. This type of psychologist might also investigate how brain disease and injury impact behavior. By better understanding of how people are affected by such injuries and diseases, researchers can also find new ways of preventing, treating, and managing serious brain illnesses and trauma. Clinical Psychologists Clinical psychologists assess, diagnose and treat individuals suffering from psychological distress and mental illness. They also perform psychotherapy and develop treatment plans. Clinical psychologists often work in hospitals, mental health clinics, and private practice. They are trained in a variety of treatment techniques but may specialize in treating certain disorders or working with certain populations. For example, a clinical psychologist might specialize in an area such as substance abuse treatment, child mental health, adult mental health, or geriatric mental health. While clinical psychologists often work in medical settings, they are not physicians and in most cases cannot prescribe medications. According to the American Psychologist Association, clinical psychologists make an average of $80,00 per year. Cognitive Psychologists Cognitive psychologists investigate how people think, including topics such as decision-making and problem-solving. This type of psychologist is interested in how the brain processes, learns, stores, recognizes, and utilizes information. Cognitive psychologists may work in a variety of settings including universities, research centers, rehabilitation facilities, hospitals, government agencies, and in private practice. Professionals in this field often perform a range of duties such as conducting research and working with patients. As with other areas of psychology, cognitive psychologists often choose to specialize in a particular area such as memory, language development, attention, problem-solving, or learning disabilities. Community Psychologists This type of psychologist conducts research on community health issues. They also seek to educate the community and develop prevention programs. These professionals are focused on helping lead positive changes at both the individual and community levels. You may find community psychologists working in a range of settings at universities, government agencies, community organizations, and private businesses as professors, consultants, policy advisors, program directors, and researchers. Research in this area tends to be very action-oriented and focuses on developing real-world solutions that can immediately be put into practice. Community psychologists work to address social problems, promote health and wellness, and enact policies that improve peoples lives. Comparative Psychologists Comparative psychologists study the behavior of different species, particularly how animal and human behavior differs. Why study animals? Because while there are obviously major differences, it is assumed that some things may hold true for all species. Therefore studying the behaviors and responses of animals such as rats and dogs can provide insights into human behaviors as well. Such observations have proven important throughout much of psychologys history. Thorndikes work with cats, Pavlovs work with dogs, and Skinners work with pigeons are just some of the examples of comparative psychology in which animal behavior can provide insights into human behavior. Experimental psychologists make an average of $92,000 per year, second only to organizational-institutional psychologists in terms of income. Consumer Psychologists Also known as marketing psychologists, consumer psychologists research consumer behavior and develop marketing strategies to promote businesses. This type of psychologist is involved in helping businesses better understand what makes consumers purchase products and services. They research how buyers respond to marketing messages, analyze decision-making strategies, and investigate the role that emotions play in purchasing choices. These professionals help businesses develop marketing messages, identify target audiences, develop products that appeal to specific consumers, and learn about how attitudes toward brands and product form and change. They accomplish these tasks through the use of market research surveys, experiments, naturalistic observations, and consumer focus groups. Counseling Psychologists Counseling psychologists provide psychotherapy to people suffering from psychological disturbances, behavioral problems, emotional difficulties, stress, and related issues. These professionals share many commonalities with clinical psychologists. Counseling psychologists make an average of $85,000 per year. As with clinical psychologists, they provide psychotherapy and can legally identify themselves as licensed psychologists. Cross-Cultural Psychologists Cross-cultural psychologists look at how people vary across cultures and how cultural affiliations influence behavior. They often explore how different aspects of behavior may be either universal or varied across different cultures. For example, cross-cultural psychologists might investigate how parenting styles differ between collectivist cultures versus individualist cultures as well as how these differences in upbringing influence adult behavior. Developmental Psychologists Developmental psychologists research human development across the entire lifespan. Some focus on a specific period such as early childhood, adolescence, adulthood, or old age. These professionals may perform tasks such as evaluating children who may have a developmental delay or disability, investigating issues associated with aging, and studying how language skills are acquired. Some developmental psychologists may focus on research and add to our understanding of developmental issues that can arise throughout life. Other professionals may perform applied work with clients who need assistance in coping with developmental issues. Educational Psychologists These psychologists study how people learn and the educational process. This might involve developing instructional strategies and teaching techniques. Some educational psychologists study giftedness or learning disabilities. This type of psychologist looks at how social, cognitive, and emotional factors impact the learning process. Some professionals in this field specialize in identifying and dealing with potential problems that might interfere with how children learn. Others specialize in researching the learning process, while some might instead focus on designing instructional materials that maximize learning outcomes. Educational psychologists make an average of $75,000 per year, slightly less than the average ($77,030) for all psychology professions, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Engineering Psychologists Engineering psychologists are focused on discovering ways to enhance human abilities by improving machines, equipment, technology, and work environments. While some may focus on more basic research, this is most often a very applied field. Engineering psychologists work to solve real-world problems and develop solutions that can have practical applications in everyday life. Engineering psychologists may be tasked with developing technology that can be used in the healthcare industry to help patients recover faster. They also help design and refine products that people use each and every day including mobile phones and motor vehicles. Environmental Psychologists Environmental psychologists explore the relationship between people and their surroundings, including natural environments as well as created environments. This might involve working on conservation projects, helping to protect endangered species, and investigating ways to halt global warming. These professionals may work as researchers to study the impact that humans have on their environments. Some environmental psychologists also work in government to shape environmental policies. Forensic Psychologists Forensic psychologists focus on the relationship between psychology and the law. This might involve acting as a consultant in criminal cases or civil disputes, performing child custody evaluations, and offering psychotherapy services to crime victims. Thanks to popular depictions in movies and television programs, interest in this field has grown tremendously in recent years. While these pop culture depictions often portray the forensic psychologist as a sleuth working to catch criminals, real forensic psychologists typically perform duties such as assessing juvenile and adult offenders for risk of recidivism, working with child witnesses, evaluating competency to stand trial, and offering professional testimony in court. Health Psychologists Health psychologists are centered on how psychology, biology, social groups, and behavior influence wellness, illness, and overall health. They work with clients to help maximize well-being and improve both mental and physical health. Some professionals in this field perform clinical work where they assess and treat clients who are seeking assistance with a variety of health issues. This might involve providing psychotherapy, administering different psychological assessments, teaching people about different coping techniques, and educating clients about healthy behaviors. Industrial-Organizational Psychologists I-O psychologists study workplace behavior such as how to select the best employees for particular jobs and how to increase worker productivity. An I-O psychologist might utilize his or her knowledge of psychological principles to design assessments to screen candidates for specific job roles. They may also be tasked with developing training programs for existing employees in order to increase knowledge, maximize efficiency, and minimize injury. I-O psychologists are also frequently asked to assess businesses on an organizational level and look for new ways to lower costs, improve efficiency, and increase employee satisfaction and retention. Industrial-organizational psychologists are the highest paid category of specialists, earning an average of $125,000 per year. Military Psychologists Military psychologists practice psychology in a military setting. This can include such things as treating soldiers who have a mental illness or emotional distress, researching different aspects of military life, and helping soldiers transition back to civilian life. Some military psychologists focus on performing psychotherapy within different branches of the military, while others apply their knowledge of the human mind and behavior toward recruiting, combating stress, training, decision-making, and leadership. Personality Psychologists Personality psychologists study the different aspects of personality and how individual traits influence an individuals life and behavior. Researchers in the field of personality psychology are interested in a wide range of topics that can have applications in everyday life. For example, they might study how personality forms and whether it can be changed. They might also investigate whether certain personality traits are tied to specific illnesses or disorders, how personality influences the decisions people make, and the many factors that contribute to the development of personality. School Psychologists School psychologists help children cope with emotional, academic, social, and behavior problems in school settings. Professionals who work in this field of psychology play a vital role in the educational system, typically collaborating with parents, teachers, students, and other school staff to ensure that the learning environment is healthy, safe, supportive, and productive. Children who are struggling with some sort of issue, whether it is behavioral, emotional, or academic in nature, can work with a school psychologist to come up with an effective plan to deal with the difficulty.?? School psychologists provide direct intervention or behavioral management when needed, or may simply offer support and advice to students who need someone to talk to. Social Psychologists Social psychologists study the behavior of groups including how people behave in social settings and how groups influence individual behavior. A social psychologist might investigate a wide range of topics including attitudes, prejudice, communication, interpersonal relationships, aggression, and persuasion. For some professionals, this largely involves conducting basic research designed to add to our understanding of social behavior. In other cases, social psychologists utilize their skills and knowledge to influence human behavior in order to foster healthier and more productive groups. Social psychologists can expect to earn an average of $85,000 per year, particularly if employed in a public or governmental institution. A Word From Verywell As you can see from these brief descriptions, there are many types of psychology and psychologists that focus on a wide variety of human behaviors. If you are considering a career in psychology, you will need to determine which psychology career option is the best fit for you. Which Psychology Career Is Right for You? Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-7904591892326238982020-05-24T19:07:00.001-07:002020-05-24T19:07:03.903-07:00Much Ado About Nothing - Shakespeare Comedic Elements English Draft ââ¬â Much Ado About Nothing By Amanda Dodds ââ¬ËShakespeare wrote his play in accordance with the conventions of an easily identifiable genre ââ¬â history, comedy or tragedy.ââ¬â¢ For centuries, William Shakespeare has been a beacon of storytelling genius. He has the ability to tell timeless stories that can be classified within the genres comedy, tragedy and history. Proving as relevant today as they were 500 years ago, these stories conform to certain elements that define what genre the story falls under. Comedies such as The Taming of the Shrew and A Midsummer Nightââ¬â¢s Dream, Tragedies such as Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet and Histories such as King John and Henry V have all played a relevant role in defining the genres Shakespeare writesâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This is evident as Claudio says: ââ¬Å"If I see anything tonight, why should I not marry her tomorrow in the congregation, where I should wed, there will I shame herâ⬠(Act 3, Scene 2, Line 91) From these two examples, it is obviously evident how Shakespeare implements the mistaken identity element within his comedy Much Ado About Nothing, this element in particular generally gels with the other comedic element: Young Lovers working to overcome obstacles. Much Ado about Nothing predominately revolves around the endeavours of two couples, the younger of which in more distinction; Claudio and Hero. As many could say that another element of Shakespearean comedies could be love, it would seem a more defined term is the love between two younger people, this young couple in particular then faces hindrances that are thrown their way, eventually working through them. Whereas there is still Beatrice and Benedick who work to overcome their egomaniacal ways and eventually initiate a romance, it would seem Claudio and Heroââ¬â¢s complications seem to have more significance to the storyline of the play. This is also due to the fact that the elements of comedy and key plot points are in relation to their complications, such as being the younger couple and facing the mistaken identity ordeal. Nevertheless, Hero and Claudio, being the young couple, face a string of tribulations in which define them as a couple, the majority of these, come from Don Johnââ¬â¢sShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Commedia dellââ¬â¢arte on Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare841 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Influence of Commedia dellââ¬â¢arte on Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare Commedia dellââ¬â¢arte had great influence of Shakespeareââ¬â¢s comedy ââ¬Å"Much Ado About Nothingâ⬠. This form of theatre shows many comparisons to the Shakespearian comedy. Commedia dellââ¬â¢arte created elements within a comedy that became standards across comedic literature. Love, deception, matters of outRead MoreGoing Deep into Drama Essay example872 Words à |à 4 PagesMentioning about drama, William Shakespeare is the father of it. He is famous for Elizabeth drama; many criticizers complement on his plays. In The Architecture of Drama : Plot, Character, Theme, Genre, and Style, the authors explain what is drama, he. In order to understand more what drama is, Much ado about Nothing, which was written by Shakespeare, is a good sample. As how a drama is supposed to be, the play contends morality and entertainment. Just like many typical dramas, Much Ado about Nothing teachesRead MoreCommon Features of a Shakespeare Comedy1745 Words à |à 7 Pagesof a Shakespeare Comedy What makes a Shakespeare comedy identifiable if the genre is not distinct from the Shakespeare tragedies and histories? This is an ongoing area of debate, but many believe that the comedies share certain characteristics, as described below: * Comedy through language: Shakespeare communicated his comedy through language and his comedy plays are peppered with clever word play, metaphors and insults. 1. Love: The theme of love is prevalent in every Shakespeare comedyRead MoreEssay about Film Versions of Shakespeare Comedies2208 Words à |à 9 PagesFilm Versions of Shakespeare Comedies Shakespearean plays are complex, intricate pieces of work in which a diverse range of interpretations and readings can be made. This is particularly true of his comedies, where the light-hearted humour is often offset by darker, more serious undertones. In adapting these comedies it is for the director ââ¬â in the cinematic context ââ¬â to decide how to interpret the play and which elements are privileged and which are suppressed. This variance in interpretationRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing And Hamlet1503 Words à |à 7 Pagesliterary element that is portrayed as the definition of the character by means of their thoughts, well-being, actions, and interactions with the other set roles. William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s plays included dissimilar characters and different methods of characterization. The two plays that will be compared and contrasted are William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Much Ado About Nothing and Hamlet. As for the characters from each play, Beat rice, Benedict, Don John, Don Pedro, Claudio, and Hero will be assessed from Much Ado AboutRead MoreThe Literary Theory Of Structuralism1203 Words à |à 5 Pagesthey discover the difference between big and small before they understand the notions themselves. Therefore, by using the literary theory of French Structuralism, readers can establish the binary differences between the two sets of lovers in Much Ado about Nothing, explaining how the use of contrasting characters reveals the complexity of love, and comments on societyââ¬â¢s conventions in Shakespeareââ¬â¢s day. A leading Structuralist Ferdinand de Saussure ascertains in ââ¬Å"Course in General Linguisticsâ⬠thatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Hero And Claudio Essay1357 Words à |à 6 Pagesspeaking a word to her. His admiration from afar over her beauty echoes the idea of courtly love. Following his entrapment, Claudio immediately asks Benedict ââ¬Å"didst thou note the daughter of Signor / Leonato?â⬠(I.I.132-133). He asks his friend about the lady, before he has even properly met her; he excites himself with the prospect of courting her. He considers Hero to be the ideal woman: ââ¬Å"Can the world buy such a jewel?â⬠(I.I.148). His love is irrational. Claudio is already willing to pourRead MoreMuch Ado About Noting1412 Words à |à 6 Pagesonly a disability to those that are mentally eyeless. Shakespeare being a man of keen mental sight, he has had the ability to portray mental blindness in several of his plays. Being one of the best writers, he is actively able to capture the four elements of a well-made play being peripetiea, denouement, timely entrances and exits and incredibly gripping scene entrances and conclusions. Having written 38 plays with two original plots, Shakespeare expresses his themes through passionate romance, sorrowRead MoreThe Cohabitation Of Tragic And Comedy1830 Words à |à 8 Pagesof tragic and comic elements in ONE of the plays on the course. Illustrate your answer with detailed reference to the play. Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Allââ¬â¢s Well that Ends Well does not fit neatly into the category of either tragedy or comedy. Throughout the play elements of both genres are blended. These elements include plot devices, such as the bed trick and the deception of Parolles, as well as the overall arc of the plot and the central characters. The cohabitation of these elements can cause discomfortRead MoreRobins Epilogue in A Midsummer Nightââ¬â¢s Dream3107 Words à |à 13 PagesIn A Midsummer Nightââ¬â¢s Dream, Shakespeare masterfully crafts a play with three very different viewpoints that can be interpreted, when woven together, in a number of ways that range from seemingly obvious interpretations to ones much more subtle. He ends the play with an apology that is just as elusive as the playââ¬â¢s interpretation. If one looks past the obvious, however, one can begin to piece together a possible message that mortals, no matter the power they hold on earth, are subject to far greater Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-44857011153066656962020-05-14T02:05:00.001-07:002020-05-14T02:05:09.655-07:00Divorce Law And Its Effect On The United States - 2969 Words Marriage was described by Lord Penzance as ââ¬Ëan institution for lifeââ¬â¢, however the statistics show that there is an increasing trend in the divorce law. There has been a long history of reforming the law to its current stage. Until 1857 the only way of obtaining a divorce was through an Act of Parliament, however due to its expense, it was reserved for the wealthiest. The Matrimonial Cause Act 1857 for the first time created a possibility to divorce on the ground of adultery, which was gender-biased because wife had to prove aggravating circumstances in addition to the fact of adultery. Following it, the Matrimonial Causes Act 1923 allowed the husband and the wife to rely on adultery as a ground for divorce. The Matrimonial Causes Act 1937 created additional grounds for divorce, such as cruelty, incurable insanity and desertion. The divorce became more acceptable and therefore more couples decided to proceed with the divorce petitions and there was a need to remove fault . Consequently in 1966, both the Law Commission and a group convened by the Archbiskop of Cantenbury agreed that irretrievable breakdown should be the sole ground for divorce, which wasmentioned in the Divorce Reform Act 1969. This was incorporated into the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 (MCA 1973), which remains the current law. Divorce under the MCA1973 is granted only if the couple has been married for at least one year. The petitioner need to prove that the marriage has irretrievably broken down and needsShow MoreRelatedShould Reforms Laws Makef It Harder for a Divorce? Essay877 Words à |à 4 Pages In the old days, it was so hard to get a legal divorce even if couples were unhappy. Courts would not dissolve a marriage without proof of misconduct. Today marriage educators, domestic violence experts, social workers, law makers and scholars are trying various ways to resolve marriage crisis through counseling, while divorce rates are still climbing yearly. Making it harder to obtain a divorce can have devastating effects long term emotionally, financially and physically, and socially onRead MoreEssay On Broken Family1027 Words à |à 5 Pagesabandonment or divorce leaving the children with only one parent instead of the much needed two. In the beginning of a divorce parents tend to argue non-stop a nd just have a sense of despair around the household. Children around that type of atmosphere can get confused and blame themselves for such arguments and the overall unhappiness. When dealing with divorce the effects on the children vary depending on their age, time of separation and personality and family relationship (Anderson The Effect of a BrokenRead MoreDivorce And Unmarried And Single Parenting931 Words à |à 4 PagesIncrease in Divorce and in Unmarried and Single-Parenting The rate of divorce rose sharply in the United States during the 1970s following the implementation of no-fault divorce laws in every state. In the last decade, the rate of divorce has stayed stable or diminished slightly. Most social scientists see this as a result, not of stronger marriages, but of the increased proportion of couples who choose to cohabit rather than marry. No record is kept of these relationships; neither their initiationRead MoreEffects Of Divorce On The United States1272 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Effects of Divorce on Children Divorce is comparable to an epidemic since it has been filtering through many societies at an increasingly alarming rate. According to the most current statistic, there are more than 2.1 million marriages in the United States (ââ¬Å"Children of Divorced Parentsâ⬠). Out of those, almost half end in divorce. Divorce nowadays is extremely common. In fact, in America there is one divorce every thirty-six seconds (National Marriage and Divorce Rate Trendsâ⬠). Each year overRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Divorce in American Culture1719 Words à |à 7 PagesThe effects of divorce on the American culture are immense. Social scientists have been studying these effects for many years now. The studies are continuing to confirm that the climbing rate of divorce in the American culture is hurting the society and also frequently devastating the lives of many American children. More often than not people decide to get a divorce before they really think about the effects of divorce. People usually decide to get a divorce based on emotion rather than logic whichRead More The Effect of Divorce on Children Essay1104 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Effect of Divorce on Children Divorce, once uncommon in our society, is now becoming more and more frequent, disrupting our childrens state of well-being. Some children of divorced families have long-term behavior problems such as depression, low self-esteem, poor school performance, acting out, and difficulties with intimate relationships. Children with divorced or divorcing parents often have a sense of abandonment, because their parents become too preoccupied with their own psychologicalRead MoreEssay on The Shocking Truths of Divorce1073 Words à |à 5 Pagesabsence of a parent or a parentââ¬â¢s separation, divorce, when a child is developing, may affect the childââ¬â¢s future relationships. ââ¬Å"Evidence shows that, on average, children who have experienced parental divorce score somewhat lower than children in first-marriage families on measures of social development, emotional well-being, self-concept, academic performance, educational attainment, and physical healthâ⬠(Demo, Supple) Since there are high rates of divorce in America, I decided to write about it.Read MoreLegalize Gay Marriage Essay1495 Words à |à 6 Pagescouple are granted? The United States are behind the time as far as this subject is concerned. Other countries have legalized same-sex partnerships beginning in 1989. Denmark was the first followed by Norway, Sweden, Iceland, and France within the next two years. The Netherlands, in 2001, were the first country to legalize same-sex marriages followed by Belgium and Spain. By June of 2005 Canada legalized same-sex marriages throughout the country (Fish).The United States are known to be ââ¬Å"modernâ⬠Read More Cause and Effect Essay - Christianity Causes Divorce727 Words à |à 3 PagesCause and Effect Essay - Christianity Causes Divorce ââ¬Å"Bible Belt Couples ââ¬ËPut Asunderââ¬â¢ More,â⬠the New York Times proclaimed on May 21 of this year: ââ¬Å"The divorce rate in many parts of the Bible Belt is roughly 50% above the national average.â⬠So much for the notion that secularism is to blame for the decline of traditional families, among other frequently lamented social ills. Apparently, in a least a few states, the divorce rate correlates to an excess of piety, not the absence of it. WhatRead MoreDivorce Law1375 Words à |à 6 PagesDivorce is a growing epidemic in Canada and the United States. It affects both parties involved, being the spouses, and also has a profound affect on children of the marriage. Recently our government has been revising the old divorce act. It was apparent that it was time to revise the act because it did not properly protect the children from being caught in the middle of things. Divorce is defined as follows: to dissolve legally a marriage between; separate (one of a married couple) from the other Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-47499440879205270562020-05-06T14:35:00.001-07:002020-05-06T14:35:39.350-07:00Marxist Perspective on Education Essay - 1564 Words Education system is seen as an important part of the superstructure in society. This statement was written in a Marxism perspective by individuals who see education not just an important part of the superstructure but as well an important aspect in a child life. Even though Karl Marx himself did not widely write about education, many of his followers did. This paper will look at how class and alienation which is a theory that Karl Marx wrote, plays a part in education and a general look at the perspective and how it relates to education. Secondly this essay will look at how other perspective not only relates to Marxism but as well as education. Lastly, this paper will look at how Marxism perspective can play an important role in theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Now turning towards Alienation in the workforce, it somewhat has the same effect towards its workers with the feeling of dissatisfaction since it alienates man from nature, himself and his daily activities. Within the school system, a hierarchy is being taught, which socialises pupils into accepting the principle of stratification. There are three types of students within the school system, which are 1) the ideal pupil who are easily controlled; 2) normal pupil and lastly the problem children ( (Fekete, 2002). this relates to the class system Marx is known about as schools are considered to be unfair on working class children because they are generally middle-class institutions and it is noticed that the middle class children do better. Not only are the school middle class institutions, the values that the school passes on to their students, the attitudes they inculcated, the behaviours and respect for authority they demanded, even the time keeping and regular work practices they imposed were seen as both a preparation of the next generation of labourers for an uncritical and docile acceptance of the relations of productions and an ideological reproduction of modern bourgeois social relations as natural (tubbs, 1999). Incorporated to this would be class and how not every individual would be able to attend school to the highest level mainlyShow MoreRelatedThe Marxist Perspective on Education Essay538 Words à |à 3 PagesThe Marxist Perspective on Education Marxists such as Louis Althusser, Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis refute the Functionalist view that industrial capitalist societies are meritocracies and that every ones position in society is based on talent and hard work. They suggest ideas for why this is the case. Althusser bases his theory around the idea of education being an ideological state apparatus. Bowles and Gintis theory is based on the long shadow of work andRead MoreMarxism and Health Care1239 Words à |à 5 PagesHow does one theoretical perspective discussed in chapter two contribute to a deeper sociological understanding of health and health care? For many years sociological approaches towards health were not adequately utilised as a means of gaining an enriched understanding of concurrent physical and social issues relating to health care. The application of theoretical perspectives in reference to health emerged during the 1950ââ¬â¢s and was commonly perceived as being empirical rather then theoretical inRead MoreCritically Evaluate the Marxist Perspsctive of the Family925 Words à |à 4 PagesCritically evaluate the Marxist perspective of the family According to Marxââ¬â¢s perspective, family is seen as an obstruction to achieve the communist goals, as it is crucial to passing the established order such as cultural ideals on to the next generation. However, Marx was focused on social class rather than the role of family, it was his friend Engels trace the evolution of the family in ââ¬Å"The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the Stateâ⬠(1884 , Zurich) In this context, this essay willRead MoreImpact Of Social Institutions On Caribbean Culture1223 Words à |à 5 Pagesinstitutions: family, education, political systems â⬠¢ Understand the main ideas of the Marxist and Functionalist perspectives â⬠¢ Understand the Marxist and perspective on social institutions Functionalist Social Institutions â⬠¢ Social Institutions are a fundamental part of the operations of society. They are the major organising framework in social life. Social institutions have evolved overtime and therefore embody what the society holds valuable in relation to family, education, religion, the justiceRead MoreConflicting Perspectives of the Ideal Family Essay1174 Words à |à 5 Pages(Haralamos and Holborn p470). On the other hand, there are some weaknesses associated the functionalist perspective on the family. The ââ¬Ëfirst is that they ignore the dark side of the familyââ¬â¢ (McGraw-Hill . (2004),for example, conflict between husband and wife, child abuse and male dominance etc. They also pay less attention on the harmful effects the family may have on the wider society. Unlike the Marxists, the functionalists never consider variations in family life based on class, ethnicity, religionRead MoreAssess the View That the Nuclear Family Functions to Benefit All It Members and Society of a Whole1216 Words à |à 5 Pageschallenged inadequate to describe the complexity of actual family relations. In this essay, I shall be assessing the views that the nuclear family functions to benefit all its members and society as a whole, from a Functionalist, Feminist and a Marxist perspective. In order to assess these views, itââ¬â¢s necessary to first establish the functions that the nuclear family performs and then to assess whether these do benefit all family members and the wider society. Functionalists believe that society isRead MoreHow Teacher s Expectations Play An Important Role On The Pupil s Educational Career1493 Words à |à 6 PagesEducation is considered one factor of socialisation. It involves the acquisition of knowledge and the learning skills(Haralambos, 2004). From functionalist and Marxist macro-sociological perspectives education is a second agency of socialisation. Functionalist perspective was the dominant approach until the 1960s. This consensus theory argued that education helps to transmit society s norms and values. It promotes a meritocratic society by allocating people on their appropriate jobs. However, MarxistRead MoreAn Understanding Of The 7 Main Sociological Perspectives1572 Words à |à 7 PagesIn this assignment I will be explaining and show an understanding of the 7 main sociological perspectives. These include; Marxism, Functionalism, Internationalism, Feminism, Postmodernism, Collectivism and The New Right. These perspectives and approaches enable us to see how societies and the behaviour of people are different according to the different approaches. To begin with, the Marxist perspective was acknowledged in the 20th century by the theorist Karl Marx. There are two main social classesRead MoreThe World Bank And Its Effects On Developing Countries Essay1572 Words à |à 7 Pagescountries. To gain an even better understanding of the influence the World Bank has, it will be examined taking into account each schools of thought and a project implemented in Ethiopia will be analyzed. Liberalist, Underdevelopment, and Marxist Perspectives on Development and World Bank The liberalist view on economic development is that the world economy benefits developing economies through trade, international aid, and foreign investment, but economic development is mostly affected by the organizationsRead MoreDiscuss the Structural (Ist) Functionalist Perspective in Sociology. (Your Answer Should Focus on the Strengths and Weaknesses of Functionalist and Marxist Perspectives)1206 Words à |à 5 PagesQuestion: Discuss the structural (ist) functionalist perspective in sociology. (Your answer should focus on the strengths and weaknesses of functionalist and Marxist perspectives) __________________________________________________________________ The Functionalist perspective has contributed immensely to the structure of society and the understanding of human behaviour in society. It is a based on an analogy between social systems and organic systems and has identified numerous ways which state Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-73767868062474770212020-05-05T15:37:00.001-07:002020-05-05T15:37:17.587-07:00Leadership Theories of Businesses and Organizations Question: Discuss about the Leadership Theories of Businesses and Organizations. Answer: Introduction: Leadership theories have played a crucial role in advancing businesses and organizations across the globe. It must be noted that theories of leadership have often acted as the keys to success in terms of organizational growth and development. Myriads of leadership theories have been proposed by scholars and academicians in several fields and specifically in the field of management, and among those advocated leadership theories, four leadership theories deserve special mention, viz. Fiedlers Contingency Theory, Situational Leadership Theory (developed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard), Path-Goal Theory, and Leader Substitute Model. Fred Fiedlers Contingency Theory appeared in his work, Leader Attitudes and Group Effectiveness that was published in 1958 (Leadership-central.com, 2016). Classified under the genre of contingency theories, Fiedlers theory states that, the efficacy of a leader does not solely depend on the style of leading, but it is also reliant on the degree of control over a particular situation (Leadership-central.com, 2016). A good leadership needs to develop a good leader-follower/member relation, and it is also imperative for a good leader to convey to the followers, clearly, the goals that are to be accomplished (Leadership-central.com, 2016). Good leadership also depends largely on the ability of the leader to use rewards and punishments effectively in the course of motivating followers/members/employees (Leadership-central.com, 2016). Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory or simply, Situational Leadership Theory advocates the role of situation in determining the efficacy of a leader. The theory states that there is no single leadership style that can be considered the best, and that, the quality and efficacy of leadership depends largely upon each individual situation (Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory, 2016). The theory states that the key ingredients required for a leader to succeed include goal-setting capability, capacity to assume responsibility and accountability, education, and experience in handling difficult situations (Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory, 2016). It is noteworthy that, For Hershey and Blanchard, tasks are different and each type of task requires a different leadership style (Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory, 2016). Another important theory of leadership is the Path-Goal Theory which states that good leaders should encourage and support their followers in the course of accomplishing the given goals and objectives by making the path they should take clear and easy (Changingminds.org, 2016). This theory states that a leader must clarify the path to success to his/her subordinates so that the subordinates can ascertain the right direction (Changingminds.org, 2016). The theory puts the burden of responsibility of removing roadblocks for the subordinates on the shoulders of the leaders, and it holds leaders accountable for increasing rewards along the route to success that subordinates take being influenced by the leaders (Changingminds.org, 2016). The Leader Substitute Model or Substitutes for Leadership Theory, on the other hand, states that there are certain circumstances in which situational factors may eventually substitute for leadership (ORG Module Unit 6: Leadership, n.d.). There are certain situational factors, which, according to the model, may neutralize leadership and may thereby prevent the leadership from taking any action (ORG Module Unit 6: Leadership, n.d.). It is noteworthy that situational or organizational factors like job design, group cohesion, employee/follower characteristics, etc, may contribute to the process of substituting leaders in a given situation (ORG Module Unit 6: Leadership, n.d.). In this respect the theory proposes that, Well-designed jobs that provide clarity, meaning and intrinsic motivation should require little guidance and inspiration from a leader (ORG Module Unit 6: Leadership, n.d.). In conclusion, myriads of leadership theories have been proposed by scholars and academicians in several fields and specifically in the field of management, and among those advocated leadership theories, four leadership theories deserve special mention, viz. Fiedlers Contingency Theory, Situational Leadership Theory (developed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard), Path-Goal Theory, and Leader Substitute Model. References Changingminds.org (2016). Path-Goal Theory of Leadership. Retrieved December 18, 2016, from https://changingminds.org/disciplines/leadership/styles/path_goal_leadership.htm Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory (2016). Retrieved December 18, 2016, from https://www.leadership-central.com/situational-leadership-theory.html#axzz4TA2sRHn8 Leadership-central.com (2016). Fiedler's Contingency Theory. Retrieved December 18, 2016, from https://www.leadership-central.com/fiedler's-contingency-theory.html#axzz4TA2sRHn8 ORG Module Unit 6: Leadership (n.d.). 6.7 Substitutes for Leadership. Retrieved December 18, 2016, from https://www.le.ac.uk/oerresources/psychology/organising/page_13.htm Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-68393619258883150762020-04-04T10:35:00.001-07:002020-04-04T10:35:02.156-07:00Out of the Dust Poetry Terms FlashcardOut of the Dust Poetry Terms Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-26870597445704568862020-03-08T13:47:00.001-07:002020-03-08T13:47:02.766-07:00How to Create a Rubric in 6 StepsHow to Create a Rubric in 6 Steps How to Create a Rubric: Introduction Perhaps you have never even thought about the care it takes to create a rubric. Perhaps you have never even heardà of a rubric and its usage in education, in which case, you should take a peek at this article: What is a rubric? Basically, this tool that teachers and professors use to help themà communicate expectations, provide focused feedback, and grade products, can be invaluable when the correct answer is not as cut and dried as Choice A on a multiple choice test. But creating a great rubric is more than just slapping some expectations on a paper, assigning some percentage points, and calling it a day. A good rubric needs to be designed with care and precision in order to truly help teachers distribute and receive the expected work.à Steps to Create a Rubric The following six steps will help you when you decide to use a rubric for assessing an essay, a project, group work, or any other task that does not have a clear right or wrong answer.à Step 1: Define Your Goal Before you can create a rubric, you need to decide the type of rubric youd like to use, and that will largely be determined by your goals for the assessment. Ask yourself the following questions: How detailed do I want my feedback to be?à How will I break down my expectations for this project?Are all of the tasks equally important?How do I want to assess performance?What standards must the students hit in order to achieve acceptable or exceptional performance?Do I want to give one final grade on the project or a cluster of smaller grades based on several criteria?Am I grading based on the work or on participation? Am I grading on both? Once youve figured out how detailed youd like the rubric to be and the goals you are trying to reach, you can choose a type of rubric. Step 2: Choose a Rubric Type Although there are many variations of rubrics, it can be helpful to at least have a standard set to help you decide where to start. Here are two that are widely used in teaching as defined by DePaul Universitys Graduate Educational department: Analytic Rubric: This is the standard grid rubric that many teachers routinely use to assess students work. This is the optimal rubric for providing clear, detailed feedback. With an analytic rubric,à criteria for the students work is listed in the left column and performance levels are listed across the top. The squares inside the grid will typically contain the specs for each level. A rubric for an essay, for example, might contain criteria like Organization, Support, and Focus, and may contain performance levels like (4) Exceptional, (3) Satisfactory, (2) Developing, and (1) Unsatisfactory.ââ¬â¹ The performance levels are typically given percentage points or letter grades and a final grade is typically calculated at the end. The scoring rubrics for the ACT and SAT are designed this way, although when students take them, they will receive a holistic score.à Holistic Rubric:à This is the type of rubric that is much easier to create, but much more difficult to use accurat ely. Typically, a teacher provides a series of letter grades or a range of numbers (1-4 or 1-6, for example) and then assigns expectations for each of those scores. When grading, the teacherà matches the student work in its entirety to a single description on the scale. This is useful for grading multiple essays, but it does not leave room for detailed feedback on student work.à Step 3: Determine Your Criteria This is where the learning objectives for your unit or course come into play. Here, youll need to brainstorm a list of knowledge and skills you would like to assess for the project. Group them according to similarities and get rid of anything that is not absolutely critical. A rubric with too much criteria is difficult to use! Try to stick with 4-7 specificà subjects for which youll be able to create unambiguous, measurable expectations in the performance levels. Youll want to be able to spot the criteria quickly while grading and be able to explain them quickly when instructing your students. In an analytic rubric, the criteria are typically listed along the left column.à Step 4: Create Your Performance Levels Once you have determined the broad levels you would like students to demonstrate mastery of, you will need to figure out what type of scores you will assign based on each level of mastery. Most ratings scales include between three and five levels. Some teachers use a combination of numbers and descriptive labels like (4) Exceptional, (3) Satisfactory, etc. while other teachers simply assign numbers, percentages, letter grades or any combination of the three for each level. You can arrange them from highest to lowest or lowest to highest as long as your levels are organized and easy to understand.à Step 5: Write Descriptors for Each Level of Your Rubric This is probably your most difficult step in creating a rubric.Here, you will need to write short statements of your expectations underneath each performance level for every single criteria. The descriptions should be specific and measurable. The language should be parallel to help with student comprehension and the degree to which the standards are met should be explained. Again, to use an analytic essay rubric as an example, if your criteria was Organization and you used theà (4) Exceptional, (3) Satisfactory, (2) Developing, and (1) Unsatisfactory scale, you would need to write the specific content a student would need to produce to meet each level. It could look something like this: 4Exceptional 3Satisfactory 2Developing 1 Unsatisfactory Organization Organization is coherent, unified, and effective in support of the papers purpose andconsistently demonstrateseffective and appropriatetransitionsbetween ideas and paragraphs. Organization is coherent and unified in support of the papers purpose and usually demonstrates effective and appropriate transitions between ideas and paragraphs. Organization is coherent insupport of the essays purpose, but is ineffective at times and may demonstrate abrupt or weak transitions between ideas or paragraphs. Organization is confused and fragmented. It does not support the essays purpose and demonstrates alack of structure or coherence that negativelyaffects readability. A holistic rubric would not break down the essays grading criteria with such precision. The top two tiers of a holistic essay rubric would look more like this: 6 Essay demonstrates excellent composition skills including a clear and thought-provoking thesis, appropriate and effective organization, lively and convincing supporting materials, effective diction and sentence skills, and perfect or near perfect mechanics including spelling and punctuation. The writing perfectly accomplishes the objectives of the assignment. 5 Essay contains strong composition skills including a clear and thought-provoking thesis, but development, diction, and sentence style may suffer minor flaws. The essay shows careful and acceptable use of mechanics. The writing effectively accomplishes the goals of the assignment. Step 6: Revise Your Rubric After creating the descriptive language for all of the levels (making sure it is parallel, specific and measurable), you need to go back through and limit your rubric to a single page. Too many parameters will be difficult to assess at once, and may be an ineffective way to assess students mastery of a specific standard. Consider the effectiveness of the rubric, asking for student understanding and co-teacher feedback before moving forward. Do not be afraid to revise as necessary. It may even be helpful to grade a sample project in order to gauge the effectiveness of your rubric. You can always adjust the rubric if need be before handing it out, but once its distributed, it will be difficult to retract.à Teacher Resources: Creative Writing Prompts for High School Students14 Ways to Write Better in High SchoolThe Top Reading Skills to Teach Your StudentsGreat Books to Recommend To Teens Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-18886431408329572502020-02-21T04:13:00.001-08:002020-02-21T04:13:02.686-08:00Web activity 2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsWeb activity 2 - Research Paper Example The value proposed by these scientists is higher than VAP measure because the VAP measure does not account for increased number of immigrants along with convicted felons while calculating the total population that can vote in presidential elections. This is why the VEP has been able to calculate a higher rate of turn around as compared to the VAP. While calculating the figures of voting population one should use the VEP measure because it takes into consideration the demographics of the population that is technically eligible to vote. The population that passes the eligibility test is the ones who are registered to vote. It eliminates those who can not register or vote which includes those who are non citizens and those who are considered as felons (United States Elections Project 2008). VEP is more appropriate than VAP because the registration has become easier than before; new programs such as mail services have been used by the US to register voters. Due to introduction of technology in voting registration, the numbers have increased and should be clearly taken into account. The total turnaround rate of US is higher than the total turnaround rate of Texas even though several new ways of voting have been used such as the mailing and online registration system. This is due to several reasons which mainly include socio and economical reasons. One of the main reasons is that the education and literacy rate of Texas is quite low and a huge number of the population is below the eligibility age. Secondly due to lower literacy rate, the population of Texas has failed to use the advance ways of registering and voting. The total population of Texas is heavily covered by minorities who do not get a chance to vote or fear Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-71248471824782453962020-02-05T04:26:00.001-08:002020-02-05T04:26:02.953-08:00In class, the stories we learned about talk about sex and violence and EssayIn class, the stories we learned about talk about sex and violence and some sound a lot like Pagan myths. How, a friend asks, can anyone ever believe in the Bible after taking a course like that - Essay Example Imagine how earnest Godââ¬â¢s patience was in those times when men were called for a change of heart yet they rather chose to adhere to old wicked ways still. My friend, God is fully aware of every intention, passing thought, and act committed by men heretofore including paganism which was widespread in ancient times, as well as killings, theft, plunder, orgies, and other immoral deeds which were not given detailed account in the Bible. If you read the entire content of the Old Testament text, you would come across events when God spoke directly to religious leaders whom He handpicked himself and human laws rested on unstable grounds so He needed to establish His covenant with the tribes people on a gradual basis through the strengths and gifts of vision bestowed upon their representatives such as in the case of Abraham and Moses. It even came to a point when incest was permitted as at Lotââ¬â¢s time when Lotââ¬â¢s daughters made love with their father for the sake of fulfilling Godââ¬â¢s design of expanding humanity in number. God did not immediately destroy the overly sinful cities Sodom and Gomorrah, holding thoughtful consideration if there ever were at least five righteous people in the place, despite the case of widespread homosexuality and prostitution. Sins of men were so great at the time so on further Bible reading, we would typically encounter Godââ¬â¢s wrath being mentioned several times and certain accounts where God sent His angels over a particular region that ought to be blotted out due to deliberate transgressions. There is no valid reason thus my friend to lose hope and conviction about Godââ¬â¢s word for your faith should reveal that it would still hold true in the generations to come. Our in-depth study in class of the nature of sins occurring in the Old Testament age does not have anything to do with the values Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-82387239572749918282020-01-28T00:49:00.001-08:002020-01-28T00:49:06.753-08:00Explication Of Jacques Derridas Signature Event Context English Language EssayExplication Of Jacques Derridas Signature Event Context English Language Essay Derridas essay Signature Event Context was first delivered in the form of a spoken conference paper in Montreal in 1971 on the theme of Communication, and published initially as an essay as part of the conference Proceedings. The context of Derridas essay is relevant in relation to the theme of the paper itself. In its initial form, a spoken essay preformed or produced in the French language, the essay (now in its written English form), discusses the importance and differences of context in both the written language and in speech.à [1]à The essay was then published in 1988 in Graffs collection Limited Inc., which highlighted the differences between Anglo-American and European-Continental towards the theoretical debate on literary analysis.à [2]à The historical context of the essay is relevant to the themes of original meaning and context which are discussed within the essay. Derrida discusses the distinction between the nature of truth and language, and he presents arguments on the privileging of spoken words, which is deemed as being closer to the speaker and thereby the intended meaning; whereas written words are given a secondary status and the meaning is derived by the understanding of the listener. Derrida examines the meaning of context, and then the significance of context in relation to other factors surrounding a text, such as events, discourses and signature. He argues that these issues all factor into the meaning of the text as it is produced by the writer or speaker, and then understood by the listener or reader. Derrida begins the essay in a discussion on the nature and definition of Communication, when Derrida states: à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦one must first of all ask oneself whether or not the word or signifier communication communicates a determinate content, an identifiable meaning, or a describable value. (Derrida 1). The word or signifier communication occurs twice, in the marked form communication, and again as the verb form communicates. For the reader the use of the word in this way signifies a question which must be explored in the text of the essay. For Derrida this is a rhetorical question. As readers and as a writer approaching the text, if the word communication had a definite or indisputable meaning, there would be no need for a discussion or essay on the subject. This is typical of Derridas stylistic approach in the rhetorical questioning which occurs throughout the text of the essay. The essay is then structured into three sections discussing the factors mentioned in the title Signature Event Context, and Derrida uses examples from other theorists in order to present his arguments for each element. In the first section on Writing and Communication Derrida looks at the arguments of Condillacs essayà [3]à because it : à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦contains an explicit reflection on the origin and function of the written textà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦which organizes itself here within a philosophical discourse that, in this case and throughout philosophy, presupposes the simplicity of the origin, the continuity of all derivation, of all production, of all analysis, and the homogeneity of all dimensions [orders]. (Derrida 4) In using Condillac Derrida is presenting the philosophical ideas on theories of writing from a classical theoretical perspective, whereby writing is taken as presenting the original ideas of the writer and all contributing factors to the writing such as origin, production, derivation and analysis and essentially equal in nature and quality. There is thus no hierarchical system to the elements which form writing, and all contributing factors producing a text, are equal in their importance and relevance to the formation and understanding of the text. Derrida suggests that Condillacs ideas on writing mean that: à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦the birth and progress of writing will follow in a line that is direct, simple, and continuousà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦writing will never have the slightest effect on either the structure or the contents of the meaning (the ideas) that it is supposed to transmit [vehicular]. (Derrida 4) Here Derrida presents Condillacs analysis, whereby if writing is taken as a higher medium of communication than spoken language, the origin and progression of the writing remains an absolute which is uncomplicated and incorruptible; this therefore means that the written form is also constant in its meaning, and for the understanding of the reader. Derrida takes issue with the notion of an absolute meaning of the written later in his essay, and instead suggests that the only absolute in writing is the idea of absence. For Condillac, all writing denotes an absence. There is firstly the: à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦absence of the addressee. One writes in order to communicate something to those who are absent. The absence of the receiver [destinateur], from the mark that he abandons, and which cuts itself off from him and continues to produce effects independently of his presence and of the present actuality of his intentions [vouloir-dire]à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ (Derrida 5) The act of writing denotes an absence of the writer (absent at the time of reading), and the absence of the reader (absent at the time of the writing), which means that the writing exists independently of both reader and writer and is yet paradoxically linked to a presence. The writer is present in the writing at the time of reading because his/her intentions are made in the words that are written; the reader is present at the time of writing because the writer is intending to communicate an idea in his/her writing through the act of writing. The act of writing therefore implies the absence of both reader and writer. The writing is an independent entity which stands on its own merits after it is abandoned by the writer, yet still causes an effect on the reader; this effect is also autonomous from the actual intentions of the writer, as the understanding and interpretation depend on the reader. This brings Derrida to the second absolute in writing, which is the absence of a definitive meaning. As Derrida states: Representation regularly supplants [supplà ©e] presenceà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦as a continuous and homogenous reparation and modification of presence in the representation. (Derrida 5) The presence of the writer is therefore denoted in the manner in which the text is received by the reader, whose understanding and interpretation of the text are founded not in the ideas which the writer is trying to communicate, but rather in a more practical system of understanding signs. The systematic rules of writing are based on the understanding of the written word; this is founded in language systems, which according to Derrida are only understandable because of their familiarity. Although signs give a representation of the idea which itself represented the object perceived (Derrida 6), it is only the familiarity which makes them understandable. Derrida states: My communication must be repeatable iterable in the absolute absence of the receiverà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦writing that is not structurally readable iterable beyond the death of the addressee would not be writing. (Derrida 7) The signs (words) must therefore be repeatable and repeated in different circumstances in order to be perceived and understand as to what they are signifying; and more importantly for Derrida what they are denoting or connoting. If the purpose of writing is to convey or communicate the writers ideas, the nature of language and words are a representation of something which is repeatable, no matter who the reader (or writer). Whereby writing is initially a means of communication, the actual physical marks and the meaning must have iterability, citability or citationality. All writing can be copied, or must be copyable in order to be classified as writing; therefore it must be open to both iteration and reiteration. For Derrida signs or writing, are essentially infinite in their iterability, in any capacity whether epistemic, grammatical or semiological; thus lies the distinction between written and oral communication (Derrida 9). Derrida also states that in the classical concept of writing, writing simultaneously carries with it a force that breaks with its context (Derrida 9). Derrida goes on to present an analysis of spoken language/signs from Husserl.à [4]à Again the iterability of spoken language is essential to the understanding of what is signified, denoted and understood by the listener, because language operates within a à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦system of rules of universal grammar, not from a linguistic point of view but from a logical and epistemological one. (Derrida 12). This means one must be able to make certain other cultural, social and epistemological references which are understood, and thereby enable an understanding of words or spoken language. Derrida once again opens up his discussion of writing into a wider analysis of language, communication and cultural relevance. For Derrida the significance lies in that understanding is thereby taken à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦in a context determined by a will to know (Derrida 12). The understanding of language and words, whether spoken or written lie in the wider context in which they are read or heard, rather a specific literal context of semantic meaning. This leads to the second section of the essay where Derrida discusses the notion of truth in language, through an examination of the event. Derridas analysis centres on criticism of Austinsà [5]à ideas of communication in speech: à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦speech acts only as acts of communicationà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦.Communicating a force through the impetus [impulsion] of a mark à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦the performative does not have its referent à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦outside of itself or any event, before and in front of itself. (Derrida 13) Derrida suggests here that John Austins ordinary language philosophy is in fact determined and restrictive, working only within a framework of definitively absolute unordinary exclusion; as Austin suggests that the performative nature of language takes precedent in communication. Austin analyses all utterances as performative, yet excludes performative speech acts which are quoted, which Derrida finds essentially problematic. This approach is limiting and restrictive, by focussing primarily on analysing the perlocution and illocution, Austin is forced to: à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦free the analysis of the performative from the authority of the truth value, from the true/false opposition (Derrida 13). If language or words take on a performative dimension, this means that the utterances of the words will be placed within a situation (or context) which is independent of either the true essential meaning, or any false interpretation, of the intended meaning. The problem for Derrida is that the meaning of the words are essentially subordinated to the actual utterance or event of the speech, and/or the context within which they are uttered; which in turn produces an event in the meaning as it is understood by the listener. Derridas criticism of Austin also raises questions as to the totalising element of context whereby there is emphasis on the: à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦conscious presence of the intention of the speaking subject in the totality of his speech act (Derrida 14) In the event of the speech act the presence of the speaker places an importance and foregrounding to the intention of the speaker; if the intention of the speaker is prominent in the speech act, then it must follow that the understanding of the receiver/listener becomes secondary. This leads to the inevitability that à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦performative communication becomes once more the communication of an intentional meaningà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ (Derrida 14) This poses a wider philosophical problem for Derrida in the context of literary or language discourse, as Austin also discusses the criterion of what actually constitutes a successful or failed speech act with elements of correctness and completeness (Derrida 15). This again is restrictive and finite, and goes against Derridas general philosophical openness and approach to literary theory. For Derrida there is an inherent possibility in the success of the event which lays in the possibilities of for example the infelicities in the event, and may not in fact be distinguishable from a successful event. For Derrida the failure of the event, whether deliberate or accidental, serves a greater purpose. Derrida suggests that the presence or potential of failure is what in fact constitutes the event as an ideal. The scope for error and the negative impact on the event, whilst it may destroy the idealistic approach to the event, in fact serves the paradoxical purpose of making the event ideal; by in its very nature in introducing an element of danger to the event. A perfect or ideal event would therefore have an element of danger, which is avoided. Although Austin cites theatrical events, recitations of poetry or literature as examples of felicitous speech events, as Derrida points out there is still scope for mistakes or errors in the utterances. Derrida ends the section on Event by taking an opposing view to Austin, in the similar vein to his opposition to Condillacs views and refers to the itability of the sign in general. Derrida states that speech utterances, or events have an itability. Austins view of the relative purity of performatives (Derrida 18) must be taken not: à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦in opposition to citationality or iterability, but in opposition to other kinds of iteration within a general iterability which constitutes a violation of the allegedly rigorous purity of every event of discourse or every speech act. (Derrida 18) Derridas view on the event of the speech act is that there is a background to the iterability or possible repetition of an utterance, which means that each utterance or speech act must be taken in the context in which it is said. This has an inevitable effect on the operation or understanding of the words which are spoken and what they signify. Contrary to Austins view that emphasise understanding of the thing and the notion (Derrida 18), Derrida stresses that we must also consider that the: à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦motivations, indestructible necessity and systematic effects would be subject to analysisà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ (Derrida 18) Here the importance of context is fore grounded in relation to the event and is subject to the same metaphysical origins (Derrida 18) which Austin appropriates to the event. Derrida concludes by suggesting that in order to understand context, the conscious intentions of the speaker (and receiver) must be definite. However consciousness is not a definite and is open to discussion and discourse. Therefore although utterances may be specific, the specificity is not exclusive to having an opposite or contrary effect on the listener and thus the event is open to further metaphysical debate. In the final section of the essay Derrida focuses on Signature' as an indicator and measure of the presence of the writer or author. The signature denotes the writer as the source of the text, or the speaker of an utterance, and they hold the form of regulation for the sign or words which are spoken or written. Derrida illustrates that the possibility and inevitability of repetition and iterability is essential to the signature; as with earlier discussions on the nature of signs and language. By its very nature the signature is iterable, as it must be, and is always repeated in order to be recognisable as a signature specific to the author. As Derrida points out although a signature is singular to the author, yet again paradoxically, there is an inevitable plurality to its production; in that it is repeated time and again as a sign of the presence of the writer. Derrida refers back to earlier arguments stating that: By definition, a written signature implies the actual or empirical nonpresence of the signer. (Derrida 20) The signature thereby signifies the absence of the writer, while at the same time denoting the presence of the signer in the past, and can be taken as a substitute for their physical presence; it also implies the presence of the reader in the future or present. Derrida also rather playfully adds his own signature to the end of the essay, as a performative example of an event. As readers we are made aware that Derrida must have at some point made the signature to the paper, however the printed copy of the signature in front of us is not the original or authentic mark/sign made by Derrida, it is an repeated printed copy of the same. This act highlights key elements of Derridas arguments from the essay, as to the nature of iterability, repetition, absence and context. The communication of Derridas ideas in the preceding essay are somehow signified as more genuine, or sincere because he has placed his signature at the end of the essay and placed a mark/sign of authenticity to the essay. Derridas conclusions to the essay tie in with this idea, in that while language can be philosophised in an ordinary manner, as a means of communicating semantics, there is always an underlying and infinite possibility to other factors such as presence, knowledge , representation, and truth. For Derrida the practice of communication and the spoken word or writing must be inclusive of these elements in order for a text to be understood or communicated in its entirety. Derridas stylistic presence is evident in the title and structure of the essay, in the use of questions, often at times rhetorical, and the proposition of paradoxes. The essay is actually structured in the reverse order of the title Signature Event Context: Context is discussed first in presentation of Condillacs ideas, followed by Austins arguments on the Event, and the essay ends with Derridas thoughts on Signature.à [6]à This playing with the order of the elements which Derrida is discussing is somewhat typical of Derridas stylistic and consciously playful approach to writing. At times the language and style is analogous to the spoken word or a speech; which again is self-referential to the form of the text, as it was initially a spoken text/utterance. The form and structure of the essay reiterates the ideas and arguments that Derrida presents. The essay is structured in a fairly accessible yet formal manner whereby Derrida at times breaks arguments or ideas down into listed or numbered sections. Although the complexity of the ideas and concepts presented are perhaps more complicated than the stylistic form of the written language. Derrida repeats certain points and arguments, by presenting his theories in a manner which reiterates the essence of his arguments, and by repeating the same central arguments in a slightly altered form. He uses repetition of the arguments to make the ideas that he is presenting familiar and understandable to the reader, and this is his general approach to the function and understanding of language, signs and words the more familiar we become with words, the easier they are to understand in their true meaning. The meaning lies in the repetition and iterability not only of the words, but also in the concepts and ideas which lie beneath the semantics of the sentences and content of the essay. Derridas arguments are therefore communicated to us as readers when we read and understand the text in the context of the structure of the essay, and experience the text as part of a wider cultural discourse. Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-12069105292653613622020-01-19T21:11:00.001-08:002020-01-19T21:11:02.795-08:00The Origination Of Punk Rock Essays -- essays research papers fc The Origination of Punk Rock à à à à à The time was in the mid-seventies, there was a void in the music industry that needed to be filled. This need for a new sound was aptly filled by punk rock, a new type of sound that had evolved from mostly rock and a little pop music. The focus of this paper is on punk rock and itââ¬â¢s ample beginnings, early pioneers of the new sound, punk rock listenerââ¬â¢s cultural background and their ideas as a whole, bands influenced by the punk rock movement, and the state of punk rock today. à à à à à The year is 1974, this year marks the birth of punk rock (1974). There is controversy as to where punk started out at, some say it began in London while others say it started out in New York City. It can be safe to say that two very distinct sounds classified as punk originated at about the same in both London and New York City (Punk). Punk rock began in the bars and nightclubs until the bands garnered enough support to receive a record contract. à à à à à When the punk rock explosion occurred in the mid-seventies, a number of new, excitingly innovative bands burst upon the scene. Bands like the Ramones, The Clash, The Velvet Underground, The Virgin Fugs, Patti Smith, The New York Dolls, Iggy Pop and The Stooges, and the punk band with the most success, The Sex Pistols. The thing that made punk rock so unlike anything the music industry had heard before was the notable lack of talent displayed on the musicianââ¬â¢s part. Not to say that all punk bands were devoid of any talent, just that anyone with second-rate instruments and the ability to play at least three chords on the guitar could form a punk band. This is part of what punkââ¬â¢s appeal was, it was a new sound that appealed to many of the youths of that era. As Johnny Ramone, the guitarist for the Ramones, stated, ââ¬Å"We were new at writing songs and new at playing our instruments, so we couldnââ¬â¢t write anything too complicated, reallyâ⬠( 1974). Punk rock bands often had a flair for the flamboyant, not just with their appearance but with their humor, sarcasm, and often carelessness about society and social norms. For example, The Virgin Fugs, their outlook on life is often displayed in the titles of their songs. Songs like ââ¬Å"I Saw The Best Minds of My Generation Rotâ⬠, ââ¬Å"Kill For Peaceâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"New Amphetamine Shriekâ⬠captured the F... ..., Bad Brains were all heavily influenced by the punk revolution (History). Also, bands like Nirvana and Pearl Jam seem to have the mind frames of punk rockers and were undoubtedly influenced by them, the sound doesnââ¬â¢t carry over into their own music. à à à à à Punk, as it was really intended, will never become commercialized and incorporated as a large part of the music scene. But then again, punk was based on rebellion against mainstream culture and to be publicized and critically acclaimed would be contradictory to the basis of everything punk stands for. True, one can see bands on MTV that claim to be punk, but the true hardcore punk fans will tell you that they are posers. The industrialized, commercialized, mainstream music seen on MTV is really more like punk/pop, itââ¬â¢s good music that may have been influenced by punk, but not true punk rock. à à à à à Works Cited ââ¬Å"A History of Punkâ⬠http://www.fastnbulbous.com/punk.htm ââ¬Å"Punkâ⬠http://www.music.warnerbros.com/rocknroll/cmp/episode9.html ââ¬Å"The Birth of Punkâ⬠http://www.pqdweb?TS=953580845&Did=000000042640912&Mtd=1&Fmt=3&Sid=1&Idx=21&Deli=1&3/20/00 The Origination Of Punk Rock Essays -- essays research papers fc The Origination of Punk Rock à à à à à The time was in the mid-seventies, there was a void in the music industry that needed to be filled. This need for a new sound was aptly filled by punk rock, a new type of sound that had evolved from mostly rock and a little pop music. The focus of this paper is on punk rock and itââ¬â¢s ample beginnings, early pioneers of the new sound, punk rock listenerââ¬â¢s cultural background and their ideas as a whole, bands influenced by the punk rock movement, and the state of punk rock today. à à à à à The year is 1974, this year marks the birth of punk rock (1974). There is controversy as to where punk started out at, some say it began in London while others say it started out in New York City. It can be safe to say that two very distinct sounds classified as punk originated at about the same in both London and New York City (Punk). Punk rock began in the bars and nightclubs until the bands garnered enough support to receive a record contract. à à à à à When the punk rock explosion occurred in the mid-seventies, a number of new, excitingly innovative bands burst upon the scene. Bands like the Ramones, The Clash, The Velvet Underground, The Virgin Fugs, Patti Smith, The New York Dolls, Iggy Pop and The Stooges, and the punk band with the most success, The Sex Pistols. The thing that made punk rock so unlike anything the music industry had heard before was the notable lack of talent displayed on the musicianââ¬â¢s part. Not to say that all punk bands were devoid of any talent, just that anyone with second-rate instruments and the ability to play at least three chords on the guitar could form a punk band. This is part of what punkââ¬â¢s appeal was, it was a new sound that appealed to many of the youths of that era. As Johnny Ramone, the guitarist for the Ramones, stated, ââ¬Å"We were new at writing songs and new at playing our instruments, so we couldnââ¬â¢t write anything too complicated, reallyâ⬠( 1974). Punk rock bands often had a flair for the flamboyant, not just with their appearance but with their humor, sarcasm, and often carelessness about society and social norms. For example, The Virgin Fugs, their outlook on life is often displayed in the titles of their songs. Songs like ââ¬Å"I Saw The Best Minds of My Generation Rotâ⬠, ââ¬Å"Kill For Peaceâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"New Amphetamine Shriekâ⬠captured the F... ..., Bad Brains were all heavily influenced by the punk revolution (History). Also, bands like Nirvana and Pearl Jam seem to have the mind frames of punk rockers and were undoubtedly influenced by them, the sound doesnââ¬â¢t carry over into their own music. à à à à à Punk, as it was really intended, will never become commercialized and incorporated as a large part of the music scene. But then again, punk was based on rebellion against mainstream culture and to be publicized and critically acclaimed would be contradictory to the basis of everything punk stands for. True, one can see bands on MTV that claim to be punk, but the true hardcore punk fans will tell you that they are posers. The industrialized, commercialized, mainstream music seen on MTV is really more like punk/pop, itââ¬â¢s good music that may have been influenced by punk, but not true punk rock. à à à à à Works Cited ââ¬Å"A History of Punkâ⬠http://www.fastnbulbous.com/punk.htm ââ¬Å"Punkâ⬠http://www.music.warnerbros.com/rocknroll/cmp/episode9.html ââ¬Å"The Birth of Punkâ⬠http://www.pqdweb?TS=953580845&Did=000000042640912&Mtd=1&Fmt=3&Sid=1&Idx=21&Deli=1&3/20/00 Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-13923928253915906872020-01-11T17:34:00.001-08:002020-01-11T17:34:06.803-08:00Help Improve own and team practice in schools EssayThe ability to reflect on oneââ¬â¢s own practice is crucial because you can evaluate your effectiveness and assess how well you think you are doing and identify any areas that need improvement or development. 1.1 Take a note of children and young peopleââ¬â¢s responses to own practice My placement is working with year 4 children who I engage with well and I get the general impression from their responses to my interaction with them that they enjoy working with me and that I assist their development. I had written feedback from one of the Teaching Assistants I work with and she has written; ââ¬Å"Juley gets on well with the staff and has a natural rapport with the childrenâ⬠. This evidence supports my own belief that my practice is at the right level and style for 8 and 9 year old children. One of the more articulate children in my class said to me a 2 weeks ago ââ¬Å"I really like working with you Miss. Hickman, you make maths funâ⬠. One of the children I work with a lot who struggles with concentrating for any length of time asked me to help them read their book as I have done on a number of occasions. I asked him why he wanted me to help and he replied ââ¬Å"I like how you explain things ââ¬Å". My responses to any of the children when I sit down to work with them is always positive with lots of smiling and leaning in to me and at the beginning or end of class the children often come up to me to show me something or tell me something about their weekend which demonstrates to me that the children enjoy interacting with me. 1.2 Ask for constructive feedback on own practice from colleagues For this part of the assignment I produced a document which requested feedback from the Year 4 teacher I mainly work with and the TA I spend a lot of time working with. I handed this in last week and I collected the report this week when I attended school for my placement. I have included the two completed forms in this report . Read more:à Teamwork in Schools Essay The Year 4 teacher who I work mostly with also gave me a good feedback report including the comments ââ¬Å"Excellent group and 1-2-1 workâ⬠and ââ¬Å"great support to less able childrenâ⬠. The only development area he has highlighted is ââ¬Å"to work with G&T (Gifted and talented) children moreâ⬠which when I spoke to him he stated that this was not a failing on my part but down to him allocating me such groups to work with and he has written on the form in relation toà this goal ââ¬Å"Teacher drivenâ⬠so I know it is for him to allocate to me in the future. Again I am very encouraged by his feedback on the form and in person and this indicates to me that I am performing well and in the right manner. 1.3 Take notes of responses to own practice from others The Teaching Assistant gave me very positive feedback, including stating ââ¬Å"She is very capable and willing to carry out any task give to herâ⬠and she also wrote ââ¬Å"Juley gets on well with the staff and has a natural rapport with the childrenâ⬠. I am very pleased with this feedback which she has based on examples which she has given in her report. I feel I am performing to the best of my ability and the positive comments give me much encouragement that I am performing my role well and this motivates me to continue in the same vein. She did not highlight any areas for development but when I spoke to her she suggested that in order for me to get a wide range of experience I sometimes attend school for the afternoon sessions as this is when the children do other activities such as art and science which would be good experience for me. I currently only attend on morning sessions and hence my only experience with regards to subject matter is literacy and maths. I shall make a point next term of changing the sessions I attend to widen my experience and develop myself further. 1.4 Evaluate all aspects of own practice See attached job description and marked areas evaluating my performance. Section 2 Be able to improve own practice 2.2 Describe the importance of continuing professional development Continuing professional development (CPD) is almost always crucial in any position in any industry. In order to perform to the best of your ability as a school staff member a key aim should be CPD. This ensures that knowledge is developed and kept up to date and ones skills are honed and built upon. Within education teaching techniques are always changing and evolving and CPD assists in a fundamental way with keeping up to date with these changes. If a school promotes CPD then it is likely that it, as an institution, regularly reviews procedures and practices in vital areas such as safeguarding and Health and Safety. From an individualââ¬â¢s perspective being proactive in ones CPD gives a sense of achievement and confidence will beà instilled. This makes for a good and proficient teaching assistant who is prepared to seek feedback from colleagues and amend or change their own practices accordingly. In terms of an individual developing their career CPD is essential as investing in this demonstrates that there is an interest in progressing and developing the role. It is crucial that a written record is kept of oneââ¬â¢s professional development in a file with dates, names of courses, certificates, appraisals and other relevant information. Appraisals are an essential part of CPD and are a way of identifying strengths, areas to improve and ways to improve. It can identify goals and targets which can then be worked towards and development measured using the SMART model. Section 3 Understand the work of the team 3.1 Describe why team work is important in schools In all areas of working life team work is of great importance. Team work means that a shared sense of purpose is felt and a common purpose is identified. This bonds individuals into a team and creates the ideal scenario for success and achievement. The identification and understanding of an individualââ¬â¢s role and that of the other team memberââ¬â¢s roles is crucial as is the recognition of how the different roles complement each other and work together. Regular meetings with regards to roles and aims of the team are a very important part of the process of working as a team. The meetings enable the team to prioritise ways of working together, it enables the team to reflect on progress to date and to set new goals and identify other ways of getting the best out of being a team. A successful team can be represented by various characteristics which include respect for one another, a sense of purpose, commitment to the aims of the team which are demonstrated every day by each team member and regular communication between team members. Another very positive factor of a good team with members getting on well together is that it provides a good role model for children, they will recognise the respect the adults have for each other. 3.2 Describe the purpose and objectives of the team in which they work. The main purpose of team work is: -To promote childrenââ¬â¢s learning and behaviour. ââ¬â To share both experiences and acquired knowledge in order to achieve better results with teaching and supporting children. -To promote equal opportunities and positive attitudes and to support diversity. ââ¬â To provide a safe emotional environment for children. ââ¬â To motivate children to use their full intellectual potential. ââ¬â To support and respect one another. -To foster the good relationships and links already created with the local community and families. Within a work role it is highly likely that you will in fact be a member of a number of teams and they will have different specific objectives such as supporting a named child or to give general support within a specific class. However it is usually the case that the more general objectives of all the different teams have at least some, if not all, of the objectives listed above. 3.3 Describe own role and responsibilities and those of others in the team. Within any team in any industry it is crucial that each team member understands their own role, how it fits in with the team and other team members as well as understanding the role of other team members. Communication is a vital role for all team members and being able to liaise and interact with each other makes for a highly functioning team. All team members should feel that their opinion is valued and regular meetings enable the exchange of ideas and promote team objectives and create a sense of unity. Meetings also give a good idea of how what you are doing fits in with the school or team as a whole. The role of a Teaching Assistant is to work under the guidance and instruction of the teaching staff. Most work is carried out within the classroom during lessons but very importantly before lessons with preparation and the clearing up after classes. The support of specific pupils who may have special needs is also a key responsibility and working either one to one or in a small group is common place and key. This role description is a supporting role and different to that of a teacher whose main responsibilities include developing lesson plans, teaching, assessing pupils and tracking their development and fostering an atmosphere of learning, promoting essential personal character traits and setting aà good role model for pupils to emulate and aspire to. 3.4 Describe the importance of respecting the skills and expertise of other practitioners It is very important to respect the skills and expertise of other practitioners as it enables the development of good working relationships. The recognition that all team members bring something different but equally vital to the team is a core element to a successful team as is the acknowledgement that individuals can in turn learn from colleagues and thus develop. By listening to others, respect is demonstrated and usually reciprocated and in turn nurtures good working relationships. If all team members have the qualities of self-respect, self-esteem, confidence and the ability to do their role competently then the foundations of the team are strong and the performance enhanced. The fundamental point to be always kept in the forefront is that in order to have good working relationships with other team members you need to show that their opinions and expertise are considered, listened to and respected. A point to note however is that one should challenge and debate any opinions that one does not agree with as healthy debate is both rewarding and productive producing new ideas and solutions to problems. Section 4 Be able to support the work of the team 4.1 Support the purpose and objectives of the team The aims at Kingston Park Primary school are clearly laid out in the prospectus and on their website. These are ââ¬Å"We aim to work together to provide a happy, caring, secure, stimulating learning environment in which children are treated as individuals, enabling them to become independent learners, with respect for each other, pride in themselves and in our school community. We provide a range of extended curriculum activities to develop the whole child and promote self-esteem and personal development ââ¬Å" These aims cascade down to all levels and are seen in the purpose and objectives of the team in which I have been working at the school. Within my role I support many of these such as promoting positive behaviour by demonstrating consistent good behaviour myself, creating stimulating learning environments by preparing materials for use in class and ensuring a secure environment always being mindful of health and safety issues. I always try to promote a positive professional attitude whilst at school. I demonstrate a strong work ethic by always asking the TAââ¬â¢s if there is anything I can do and showà willingness to do even the most basic of tasks because it ultimately supports the schools objectives. I have attended every placement day I have said I would attend and have always been punctual and smart. 4.2 Carry out own role and responsibilities within the team. My role and responsibilities within the team include: ââ¬â Supporting teaching and learning in the classroom. For example teaching a small group of less able children how to do multiplication in maths using the grid method. ââ¬â Provide general support to the teacher in the organisation and management of the pupils and classroom. For example I set up the tables for the lessons by putting out the books and materials needed and ensure the children are sat at the correct tables. ââ¬â Promote the inclusion of all pupils ensuring they have equal opportunities to learn and develop. For example last week I took two students for whom English was their second language and read a book with them and helped them write sentences about the book. They needed more focused help and would not have understood the tasks in the larger classroom setting. ââ¬â To be responsible for promoting and safeguarding the welfare of the children. For example when there was a fire alarm I assisted in getting all the children in the class safely out of the building. A typical morning on placement involves the following: ââ¬â Liaising with the teacher to find out the running order of the morning, what the lesson will involve and ways in which I can assist. ââ¬â Setting up the tables with any equipment ââ¬â Liaising with the TA to establish if there are any tasks to do ââ¬â Working with a small group of less able children with maths or literacy ââ¬â Working 1-2-1 with an individual child perhaps listening to them read or helping them with addition ââ¬â Writing up in the relevant document the progress of the child I have been working with and giving the teacher feedback on their progress. ââ¬â Clearing up after lessons and doing any admin. tasks allocated to me including mounting work on backing paper, putting up a display or filing work. Throughout all of these tasks good communication is key and I feel I communicate and interact well with the children and staff alike. Overall my placement allows me to support the purpose and objectives of theà team in a professional and helpful way and I promote the team ethos needed to work successfully in the school environment. 4.3 Communicate clearly with team members and others, making sure they have the information they need. Communication is a key skill in my role as a volunteer in school and my ability to communicate well contributes to and supports the work of the team. When I am given a task to carry out by one of the teachers or Teaching Assistants I will always ask questions if I am unsure or if I need to clarify something. I am often given the task to take a less able group of children in maths or literacy and not only communicate with the children well but also feedback how the children have done at the end of the lesson. I also work on a one to one basis with individual children and then not only feedback their performance to the staff but also write up about their progress in their books and in the official pupils record sheets. This good communication is essential for the team to be able to monitor childrenââ¬â¢s progress and then plan for the future. 4.4 Interact with others in a way that supports good team work My interaction with staff at all levels has been excellent to date. I have liaised effectively with staff from the Deputy Head to the kitchen staff and caretaker and have been able to support the school team in many small ways through this interaction. One example was whilst in the staff room on a break a few of the Teaching Assistants were folding up raffle tickets, of which there were hundreds, to put in the bowl for the Christmas raffle draw. I offered to help with this in order to get more tickets folded and did this on my coffee break. This interaction supported the school team and I was thanked by a few other staff members for volunteering. 4.5 Identify and suggest ways in which the team could improve its work, challenging existing practice where necessary. I have not yet identified an issue whereby I felt the need to suggest ways in which the team could improve its work. I do now feel confident enough to do so should the situation arise and I will submit a learning journal to evidence this as and when I have encountered the situation. 4.6 See attached case studies. 4.7 Seek advice and support from relevant people when needed. See learning journal Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-42999003620780255902020-01-03T13:58:00.001-08:002020-01-03T13:58:03.211-08:00The Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs And Frederick... Realism creates an authentic image of daily endeavors, notably most if not all that slaves faced, and constructs a bridge that connects the gap between the readers to the slaves who are subjected to the endeavors and hardships as seen through autobiographies of many former slaves such as Harriet Jacobsââ¬â¢s and Frederick Douglassââ¬â¢s. Jacobsââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girlâ⬠and Douglassââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglassâ⬠both illustrate great examples of the obstacles and barriers that slaves had to overcome. The protagonists in both stories, Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass, are obviously not your everyday comic book superheroes who has their own hidden identities, rather, they are just ordinary commoners who are also facing real-life struggles like everybody else. Works of realism do not usually characterize their protagonists with romantic elements which often admired or idealized the protagonists, but rather portray their protagonists as an antihero. For instance, Jacobs was a slave who was often taken advantage of physically by her master. She begins to recall her masterââ¬â¢s wishes, ââ¬Å"Mr. Flint wished that I should sleep in the great house instead of the servantsââ¬â¢ quarters,â⬠(Jacobs, 407). Although Mr. Flint sounds like a caring and loving man, the idea contradicts the reality that Jacobs prefers to stay in the comfort and safety of the ââ¬Å"servantsââ¬â¢ quartersâ⬠rather than the ââ¬Å"great houseâ⬠of Mr. Flint. Based on Jacobsââ¬â¢s perspective, any actions of Mr.Show MoreRelatedThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Frederick Douglass And Harriet Jacobs1208 Words à |à 5 PagesFrederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs are both prominent influential authors of the Reform Era. Both writers, who spring forth f rom similar backgrounds and unimaginable situations, place a spotlight on the peculiar circumstances that surrounded the lives of the African American slaves. After reading and analyzing both Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, and the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass; readers discover the horrifying truths that belong to the past in connection to slavery.Read MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass And The Life Of A Slave Girl1475 Words à |à 6 PagesJamiya Brooks Comparative Paper November 18, 2014 The Life of Frederick Douglass the Life of a Slave Girl The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and The Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl are both nineteenth-century narratives about Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobsââ¬â¢s experiences born into slavery and as escaped slaves. The concept of gender makes each narrative have distinct perspectivesââ¬â¢ of their version of what they endure during slavery and how it shapes their freedom. EvenRead MoreA Comparison Of Writings By Harriet Jacobs And Frederick Douglass1718 Words à |à 7 PagesA Comparison of Writings by Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass In this paper I will compare the writings of Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass. I will touch on their genre, purpose, content, and style. Both authors were born into slavery. Both escaped to freedom and fought to bring an end to slavery, each in their own way. Both Jacobs and Douglass have a different purpose for their writings. Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass were both slaves that wrote about their strugglesRead MoreJacobs Douglass: An Insight Into The Experience of The American Slave1019 Words à |à 5 PagesThe slave narratives of the ante-bellum time period have come across numerous types of themes. Much of the work concentrates on the underlining ideas beneath the stories. In the narratives, fugitives and ex-slaves appealed to the humanity they shared with their readers during these times, men being lynched and marked all over and women being the subject of grueling rapes. The slave narrative of Frederick Douglas and Harriet Jacobs: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl themes come from the existenceRead MoreThe Life of A Slave Girl by Harriet A. Jacobs Essay1272 Words à |à 6 PagesA slave narrative is to tell a slaves story and what they have been through. Six thousand former slaves from North America told about their lives during the 18th and 19th centuries. About 150 narratives were published as separate books or articles most slaves were born in the last years of the slave regime or during the Civil War. Some Slaves told about their experiences on plantations, in cities, and on small farms. Slave narratives are one of the only ways that peopl e today know about the wayRead MoreCompare/Contrast Douglass and Jacobs1607 Words à |à 7 PagesAfrican-American Slave; A Compare and Contrast Essay of Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass. The experiences, memories and treatment in any situation are viewed upon differently between a man and a woman. Obvious in the case of slavery, the two sexes were treated differently and so therefore their recollections of such events were-different. In the following short essay, we look closely at the perspective of the female slave, Harriet Jacobs in ââ¬Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girlâ⬠, and respectfullyRead MoreResponse to Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass Readings1204 Words à |à 5 PagesCritical Response on Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass Both Douglass and Jacobs were inspirational icons for the African-Americans in American history. Their contributions to the abolition of slavery and liberalism of the African-American race in the U.S. are very notable and important too; not only for honor but also important to American literature. They both lived during the period of the Antebellum (1820 - 1865) when the abolition of slave trade was a big issue in the country. At this timeRead MoreResponse to Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass Readings1192 Words à |à 5 PagesCritical Response on Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass Both Douglass and Jacobs were inspirational icons for the African-Americans in American history. Their contributions to the abolition of slavery and liberalism of the African-American race in the U.S. are very notable and important too; not only for honor but also important to American literature. They both lived during the period of the Antebellum (1820 - 1865) when the abolition of slave trade was a big issue in the country. At this timeRead MoreEssay on Out of the Silence1445 Words à |à 6 PagesThe slave narrative genre is an important part of American history. These stories are not only portraits of individual history, but also of American history. By reading the stories of the past we can better determine the path of the future. The personal stories of Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs are two excellent examples of the slave narrative genre in American literature. To be sure, bondage and oppression had a lasting and profound effect on both genders; however, men and women experiencedRead MoreFrederick Douglass Vs. Harriet Jacobs987 Words à |à 4 PagesFrederick Douglass v. Harriet Jacobs ââ¬Å"We are not Americans; we are Africans who happen to be in America. We were kidnapped and brought here against out will from Africa. We did not land on Plymouth rock--that rock landed on us (ââ¬Å"Malcolm Xâ⬠).â⬠Slavery began when Americans brought Africans to Virginia in 1619 to complete any field work that plantation owners did not want to do themselves (History.com Staff). Slavery lasted in America for 246 years and even after, African Americans were still treated Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-20653599566421556492019-12-26T10:25:00.001-08:002019-12-26T10:25:03.687-08:00Strong Interest Inventory - 618 Words (Strong interest inventory) Brief Description: This class is the second in a series of career development sessions during our professional development-1 course. The class started with a small exercise, in which we have to write about what we are going to do if we won a jackpot and we do not have to worry more about money. Following that we started to describe to us about the occupation themes, the personal style scale. In addition, Ms. provided us with our reports regarding the survey which we have completed in the beginning of the semester. Finally, we start discuss if the results from the report do fit our personality and career expectations in the future. Following this I am going to talk about what I learned about myself and aboutâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦From this part we can understand that if you are biased in the right side of the risk taking (e.g.: like risk taking and appreciate original ideas, enjoys thrilling activities and taking chances) then I have to find an occupation that will require such personalShow More RelatedQuestions On Strong Interest Inventory2186 Words à |à 9 PagesStrong Interest Inventory Tests are utilized in all around the globe for counseling, placement, and selection. In the early 1900ââ¬â¢s before Strong Interest Inventory was developed the techniques that were utilized to assess an individualââ¬â¢s career interest were estimation, rating scales and checklists. The estimation measure inquired individuals to examine their feelings in relation to an activity, as a result of the estimates not always being correct, individuals were prompted to try activities asRead MoreStrong Interest Inventory Of A Career Assessment2038 Words à |à 9 PagesStrong Interest Inventory Evaluation The Strong Interest Inventory is a career assessment that began as the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory in 1927 and was developed by E.K. Strong Jr. (Blackwell Case, 2008). It was created from the observations that were made of the interests of workers in varying careers (Yazak, 2014). From such observations, Strong believed that individuals who have interest that are similar to those of people in a particular career tend to experience greater satisfactionRead MoreEvaluation Of An Introverted Intuitive Feeling Perceiving ( Infp )1597 Words à |à 7 Pageson the Openness to Experience domain and least on Conscientiousness. Although openness is not equivalent to intelligence it is often labeled as Intelligent. Open individuals are unconventional and according to the Strong Interest Inventory and Strong Interest Explorer Jerryââ¬â¢s interest does not fall under conventional occupations. They entertain new ethical, social, political ideas, and unconventional values. They are more curious about both inner and outer world, like physics and psychology. IntrospectionRead MoreWhat I Learned Essay1630 Words à |à 7 PagesBoth people in a conflict can come out victorious. The reason Iââ¬â¢m so close to the other two styles is because not one method is always correct in every condition. In certain situations I accommodate by having a tendency to place the other partyââ¬â¢s interests above my own. In other situations I find myself compromising by giving up something in order to reach a solution. Now, sitting on theRead MoreDifferent Career Paths And How My Personality And Values Align With My Future Goals1683 Words à |à 7 Pagesto describe a person off of a set of algorithms. However, tests like the MBTI and the Strong Interest Inventory help pave a pathway to beginning to understand yourself. The results from both tests amplified a lot of what I already knew about myself and also offered new insights. Currently I am trying to decide between different career paths and these tests aid in making the choice. Finally, the values and interests that arise from both tests closely align with the types of jobs I want to have but alsoRead MoreMy Aspiration At Work Worth Doing1233 Words à |à 5 Pagestrue career field for me and is my calling. At the beginning of the semester, it was revealed to the Hicks Honors students our Strong Interest Inventory and Myers-Briggs Interpretative Report. From my Strong Interest Inventory, I learned that my interests attribute to my occupation being in either health care services or medical science. Additionally, under my Top Ten Strong Occupations, several professions in the health care were listed, such as a registered nurse or a pharmacist. By partaking inRead MoreAssessment Tools Paper1194 Words à |à 5 Pages Abstract The paper covers six different assessment tools used to determine childrenââ¬â¢s learning profiles. This includes his or her interests, ability/intellectual level, achievement level, and personality type. Findings contain the Strong Interest Inventory, the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS), the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition (SB5), the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), the End-of-Course-TestsRead MoreMy Proposed Plan For Life1343 Words à |à 6 Pagessemester, it was revealed to the Hicks Honors students our Strong Interest Inventory and Myers-Briggs Interpretative Report. From my Strong Interest Inventory, I learned that my interests attribute to my occupation being in either health care services or medical science. Additionally, under my Top Ten Strong Occupations, several professions in health care were listed, such as a registered nurse or a pharmacist (Strong Interest Inventory). By partaking in this assessment and having r eviewed my resultsRead MoreComparing The Eq I And The Strong Interest Inventory Assessments1733 Words à |à 7 Pagesand the Strong Interest Inventory assessments. EQ-i stands for emotional quotient inventory. The EQ-i was developed to assess emotion and social intelligence of people. Taking the EQ-i assessment helps many people determine what their strengths when dealing with things pertaining to stress, work ethic, and emotions that will affect the way they act and their success in the working world. The Strong Interest Inventory is used in career assessment. It gives insight on a personââ¬â¢s interests, so thatRead MoreAnalysis of Strong Interest Inventory and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator1830 Words à |à 7 Pagescomplete their high school level. The purpose for this analysis is for the determination of their pattern of interest, as well as what they are inclined to do because of their personality type. To facilitate execution of this particular activity, I will ensure usage of Strong Interest Inventory and the Myers-Briggs. The purpose of selection of the Strong Interest Inventory is to determine the interest of the students. On the other hand, the purpose of Myers-Briggs is to ensure determination of the personality Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-44580949595617556412019-12-18T06:13:00.001-08:002019-12-18T06:13:04.376-08:00The Theoretical And Conceptual Framework Of Putnam s... Paxtonââ¬â¢s (2002) research primarily follows the theoretical and conceptual framework of Putnamââ¬â¢s experiment. Although Putnamââ¬â¢s study created a collaboration between qualitative and quantitative methodologies, there remains insignificant quantitative data for this particular subject matter. To this end, Paxton has attempted to use additional data resources to extend on Putnamââ¬â¢s study. The methods and data utilized, however, are worrisome in relation to how it fits within the conceptual framework. First, Paxton uses data from the World Values Survey (WVS) (1980 and 1990) to measure two dimensions of social capital: associational networks and trust (2002, 260). Her dataset has individual-level information on trust and voluntary association memberships in 48 countries (2002, 260). However, Paxton does not state how these 48 countries ââ¬Ëfitââ¬â¢ into the study. Are the data simply being used because they are available, or do these countries encompass the definition of a liberal democracy being utilized? If the latter, what are Paxtonââ¬â¢s arguments for including countries that are democratic in name, but are masked with international contention such as Russia? Paxton also notes that several countries have no survey data on associational memberships which creates a cross-national sample of small proportion (2002, 260). Overall, one could argue the first data source does not seem be rather representative of the concepts being studied nor representative of the areas the data were pulledShow MoreRelatedBreaugh Starke (2000)15890 Words à |à 64 Pageswe offer an organizing framework of the recruitment process. In introducing this framework, we draw upon theories from a variety of research domains and give considerable attention to process variables (e.g., applicant attention, message credibility, applicant self-insight) that mediate the relationships between recruitment activities (e.g., recruiter behavior) and recruitment outcomes (e.g., the number of applications generated). Having introduced an organizing framework, we selectively reviewRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words à |à 34 Pageson our senses. This dates back to the concept of tabula rasa (unscribed tablet) implicit in Aristotles On the Soul, described more explicitly in Avicennas The Book of Healing,[14] and demonstrated in Ibn Tufails Hayy ibn Yaqdhan as a thought experiment.[15] John Locke propounded the classic empiricist view in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding in 1689, developing a form of naturalism and empiricism on roughly scientific (and Newtonian) principles. During this era, religious ideas played aRead MoreWomen Entrepreneurs: a Critical Review of the Literature12149 Words à |à 49 Pages(Canadian Advisory Council, 1991). In sum, small business ownership creates leadership issues for women that are different in kind than those shared by their sisters in senior management positions located in corporate or government settings. In the 1990ââ¬â¢s across North America, women increasingly have been entering ventures in self-employment. In the USA, by 1992 women already owned 27 percent of small businesses (National Women Business Owners (NFWBO), 1992). In Canada, this figure in 1996 was 40 percentRead MoreHistory of Social Work18530 Words à |à 75 Pages......................................................................................3 The need to understand history of social work .............................................................................................................3 Framework to understand History of Social Welfare / Social Work ..............................................................................4 Understanding History through Historical Phases ...............................................................Read MoreDissertation-Viral Marketing27075 Words à |à 109 Pagesconsumption of the mass media and internet, the decline of community activity has been one of the dominant social trends of recent decades across the worldââ¬â¢s advanced economies (Putnam 2000). American social scientist Robert Putnam wrote about this trend, but also saw the potential of revival of these communities through internet (Putnam 2000). The Cluetrain Manifesto (Levine 2009), the 1999 internet marketing book also made a similar point in that it claimed people were drawn to the internet because of ââ¬Å"theRead MorePlanned Approach to Change11990 Words à |à 48 Pagesp. 239) enthusiastically commented: There is little question that the intellectual father of contemporary theories of applied behavioural science, action research and planned change is Kurt Lewin. His seminal work on leadership style and the experiments on planned change which took place in World War II in an effort to change consumer behaviour launched a whole generation of research in group dynamics and the implementation of change programs. 978 B. Burnes à © Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2004ForRead MoreHistory of Management Thought Revision17812 Words à |à 72 Pagesas his virtues. Though sometimes inconsistent in what he said and what he practiced, there is little doubt that his contributions for his era were substantial. A. Taylor s Early Years 1. His family background provided no indication of what his career would be like. His father had money and property and his mother s family history was deeply rooted in colonial times. Taylor had the advantage of a fine prep school, travels to Europe, and a membership in an exclusive social club. Yet, dueRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words à |à 1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words à |à 1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-22795976175837236882019-12-10T02:56:00.001-08:002019-12-10T02:56:04.114-08:00CRM and Salesforce Product Question: Discuss about the CRM and Salesforce Product. Answer: CRM Solution Comparison For the purpose of this study, two of the top CRM software systems are being studied and these include Salesforce CRM and Microsoft Dynamics CRM solution. Microsoft Dynamics CRM: Microsoft has two versions of its CRM solution that include online solution and on-premises or private cloud solution. Microsoft Dynamic online CRM solution provides multi-tenancy capability for the application instance but single tenancy on database instance. User licenses of the product are available for basic, essentials and professional versions. The base storage available is 5GB in the basic version and this capacity is scaled up by 2.5GB for with every 20 additional professional User Subscription Licenses. Salesforce CRM: Salesforce CRM is a SaaS based cloud solution that provides most of the general features provided by cloud based CRM solutions in the market including CSV format recognition, mobile application, and visualization, connectivity between users, messaging, emailing, and customized search capability. Besides these, the solution also has some additional capabilities such as real times updates on contacts, accounts, documents and opportunities, consolidation of account history with customer contacts and communications, social media insights, ability to respond to leads from mobile, multiple channel campaign tracking, deals information, forecasting, analytics, partner community development and application library. Comparison Feature Salesforce Microsoft Dynamics CRM Subscription model Hosted subscription only On-premises and hosted online subscriptions available Releases 3 per year 2 per year Editions Different Editions: Contact Manager;Group;Professional;Enterprise;Unlimited Different deployment models: On-Premise;Online;Partner Hosted Pricing $5 -$250 /user/month $44 /user/month subscription cost Storage 1 GB data and 11 GB file storage 5GB storage with additional storage at $10 /month Data Center Top-tier global infrastructure Data centers located in Washington, Illinois, Ireland and Texas SLA SLA not available publically 99.9% uptime guarantee Support for browsers Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Apple Safari Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Apple Safari (release 12) Support for devices iPhone, Blackberry Any mobile browser can be used for scaled down version of UI, 3rd party providers available Navigation Top of screen menu with tabs; recent items in left sidebar Tabbed ribbon on top; Left sidebar for workspace selection, recent items and lists can be added in sidebar Search Global search box on top Quick find box on top right for searching any entity Records display All records displayed in single window by default Records open in new tab and its different views in same tab Navigation through records Field section show current records displayed on top with section below displaying related record lists Read only fields in header and footer; Navigation links can be clicked to jump to different sections Forms Multiple screen layouts as per record types Multiple screen layouts as per user role Reporting Drag and drop, tabular, summary, matrix and groups created from different objects Report wizard allow filters, access to primary records, related records and allow grouping of columns in layout Custom reports Define objects, define relationships, cross object reporting Business Intelligence Development Studio creates highly customized reports that span across entities. Scheduling Schedules reports can be emailed in text format SQL used for server reporting and report scheduler tool for creation of custom workflow with reports to be emailed in scheduled times. Charts Chart type and data points defined for specific reports Chart editor allow customization to create multiple types Dashboards Customizable dashboards that can be arrange in tabs; default adoption dashboard giving information on how others use system Real time dashboards with all entity information having multiple formats Fields Administrators can add new fields to objects New fields can be added to existing or custom entities Objects Object can be added having relationship with parent object , master detail or many to many relationship Entities added can be related to other entities with one to one, many to one or one to many relationships or cascading Development APEX allow advanced development SDK allow advanced development and integration and .NET framework can be used for writing custom codes Advanced search Search filters for objects or ownership criteria Any field within any entity can be searched and result can be saved as a view for single time Duplicate entry detection Matches found for lead, account, contact and opportunities One entity and its sub records can be checked for duplicates Background process notify duplication and suggest action Records merging Up to 3 records can be merged into one for creating master record and remaining records go to recycle bin Only 2 records can be merged and records not needed are marked inactive Workflow Workflow rules are triggered by record creation; processes have to be approved Windows Workflow Foundation is used and workflow can be made automatic or can be run on demand; Dialogues used for guiding users through Wizard Authentication Tow factor authentication including login code and email code Windows Live ID used for authentication on any machine Data importing Data loaded is used for importing object, contact or account data into object Import Data Wizard used for importing database, accounts, and contact records Outlook integration Free plugin for Outlook 2007 and 2010 Native outlook client which is connected even offline Office integration Microsoft word and excel add ins available with support for 1000 records per merge Word mail merges can be initiated from CRM; Personal or organizational merges to single contacts for multiple records in single pages available; Static or dynamic worksheets can be imported in excel, pivot table can be linked to CRM Collaboration Salesforce chatter is a proprietary collaboration tool Collaboration with SharePoint server for document sharing, reporting, and information sharing. Yammer integration released in 2012 Lead capture HTML web forms used for lead generation Landing pages can be created within web forms 3rd Party Solutions Internal AppExchange and 3rd party solutions Microsoft Dynamics Marketplace provide solutions that can be imported to CRM(BRITE GLOBAL, INC., 2013) Information Technology Innovations Sales force CRM is ideal for organizations having large workforce. For a huge database of organization, the solution provides improved forecasting accuracy with consolidated view of all the account activities over cloud. A peek into account and transaction history can increase visibility of the system performance and same customers can be reached by the cloud user for cross-selling. Salesforce solution allows complete phase out of legacy system such that entire CRM capabilities are built into Sales force CRM(Wipro, 2015). Some of the business benefits that Salesforce CRM can provide to an organization include: With online capabilities, people working on salesforce CRM can collaborate in new ways that is not possible with the on premise CRM With social media incorporated in marketing technology of solution, a 360 degree view of customer can be obtained Business case could be studied with hypothesis testing for obtaining agility of SaaS model With reduced redundancies, maintenance costs are reduced(Raj, Garlotte, Taylor, 2014) Microsoft CRM has its own business benefits. First, the solution is backed with finance which is used for providing assurance of 99.9% uptime which makes them accountable to customers. Cost of Microsoft CRM has al-functions included at one price making it a cost effective solution and thus, can be used by large as well as smaller corporations. The solution allows more storage capabilities of over 5GB as compared to Salesforce with its online and on-premise versions combined. Outlook users can keep CRM information saved locally as Outlook is a proprietary software of Microsoft. However, in case of Salesforce, a company would have to pay extra to gain offline access which increases overall costs(Microsoft, 2015). Security Risks Security of data is the biggest concern in the cloud computing as it works on a data sharing model and thus, associated risks have to be addressed carefully by the cloud service provider in order to remain effective and protect information assets of the organization using CRM solution over cloud. The maintenance of security of the systems over cloud is a joint responsibility of the cloud service provider and the organization using the solution. Clarity is thus required on what security related areas have to be managed by the cloud service provider(Merrill, 2014). In case of CRM, the cloud platform faces certain risks very prominently as suggested by Cloud Service Alliance (CSA) such as hacking, illegal access to networks, information stealing, data loss, data segregation, and privacy encroachments. Data faces a risk of loss or theft while in transit and thus, encryption and authentication are required to be established while transferring a data over cloud. This can be done through the use of IPSec (Internet Protocol Security). For prevention from the hackers, anti-virus software may be used over the cloud by the service provider(Ahmat, 2013). Microsoft Dynamics CRM uses anti-virus and anti-spam technologies to protect their cloud platform. The security features are built into the online CRM solution itself at no additional costs for implementation. Administrators can use these features for performing couple of tasks such as controlling permissions, defining security policies, and set compliance requirements. A procedure called Governance, Risk and Compliance is used for analysis and mitigation planning for security risks faced by the cloud platform. Governance concerns with policies, employee training on security aspects, and monitoring of employee activities to check if their actions adhere to policy requirements. Risk management process used by Microsoft for its CRM involves a systematic flow of activities including identification of risks, their analysis, evaluation of potential impact, and identification of remedy and mitigation of identified risks. Risk mitigation plan prioritizes risks based on their organizational impact levels. The objectives of GRC program include assurance of data privacy, compliance, confidentiality, and provision of data for appropriate decision making to arrive at security specific solutions in case of issues. The risk management process used by Microsoft is designed considering certain privacy and confidentiality principles including honoring of policies, minimization of unauthorized access, minimization of data loss impact, application of document controls, use of data classification for critical and sensitive data, deployment of data stewards who can ensure control of data assets, development of a secure infrastructure, identity and access control measures, information protection, establishing of auditing and reporting procedures(Microsoft Corporation, 2013). In case of Salesforce, the security governance is based on ISO 27002 framework that takes into consideration certain components for maintenance of security and these include employees, security staff, counsel, assessments, and policies. Employees receive security and privacy training as per the demand of their roles. Further, to support clients, Salesforce has a dedicated staff of Certified Information Systems Security professionals that are available to guide organizations into security aspects. It also has a Global Privacy counsel that helps organizations with compliance issues. Regular vulnerability assessments on internal and external usage of cloud are conducted by Salesforce for identifying and resolving vulnerabilities. In each phase of solution development, Salesforce has certain guiding principles for maintaining security including designing, coding, testing, and stage prior to release. The company makes its own systems secure by deploying certain major security measures such as Stateful Packet Inspection, Bastion Hosts, Two-factor authentication, End to End TLS/SSL and so on. Case Studies Figure 1: Laudon Case Study Diagram (Laudon Laudon, 2014) As per the Laudon case study diagram, when adopting an information technology solution like CRM, four key areas of company are affected and thus, decisions are based on the impact this technology is likely have on these areas. These include management of the organization, organization, its information system, arising business challenges that are currently faced by the organization and solutions that can be arrived at with the use of technology. This case study approach can be used to make a comparison between two available CRM technologies such that a decision may be taken for choosing the more suitable solution for organizational need. How each of the Laudon case study aspects are affected in case of CRM solution for each option is illustrated in the table below: Laudon Case Study Factor Salesforce CRM Microsoft Dynamics CRM Management: Management is concerned with two aspects of technology and these are knowledge management and training requirement Management requires knowledge to be able to make decisions and Salesforce offers capturing of expert knowledge both through web self-service option and through Salesforce Agents. Salesforce Service Cloud provides highest level of Knowledge Centered Services (KCS) verification. Salesforce agents contribute to content through updates on best implementation practices of knowledge acquisition and management. eGain which is one of the Customer engagement application provided by AppExchange engine of Salesforce allows capturing of customer knowledge through recording of all kinds of interactions with them including chats and emails. Contact center agents help customers resolve their queries through the platform. For people of the organization to be able to work on Salesforce CRM, training and expert certification is provided by the company which enables professionals to develop intelligent cloud based applications over salesforce and use the knowledge for operating and customizing CRM solution. Different levels of certifications are provided including cloud consultant, developer and administrator Knowledge management suite of Microsoft can be integrated with the CRM such that solution agents are added with ability to collaborate and use a centralized repository for getting real time information. A seamless on demand access if provided to each agent through Moxie knowledge solution. With single user credentials both CRM and Moxie knowledge management system can be used(Moxie, 2015). In the current release of Microsoft CRM, some capabilities of knowledge management are added within solution such as content authoring, video and graphics embedding, versioning, translation and knowledge management dashboards providing life cycle reviews, schedule details, and context search. For training, Microsoft provides Dynamics CRM certifications that can be studied both online and in classrooms where professionals are trained on using and developing applications over CRM solution Organization Change in the learning process and in the organizational culture Employees need to gain expert knowledge through certification processes for using the CRM solution and thus, users adopting solution have high degree of capabilities. As Salesforce adopted can facilitate relief from legacy systems, the organization would start using the solution for all CRM needs which would need a change in culture as employees would have to become customer centric which is the approach taken on development of the CRM solution. Further, people would have to start taking and understanding 360 degree view of customers which would enable all users to have both technical and management capabilities. Employees need to gain expert knowledge through certification processes for using the CRM solution and thus, users adopting solution have high degree of capabilities. The culture of the organization would face a change with move into the cloud solution and collaborations would happen online with real time visibility into each others work. Employee would require to be more trusting and closely collaborating with increased capability to respond faster to their clients with availability of real time data and information. Information systems The legacy systems can be eliminated and all other capabilities can be integrated with Salesforce. This would reduce cost of implementation and operation with single license of Salesforce. Most organizations already use Microsoft solutions for OS, Office and the use of its CRM would make integration with older systems easy. Organization would get add on benefits and easy implementation with integration with its legacy systems Business Challenges Solutions Some of the major challenges in a business can be resolved with the use of Salesforce CRM such as understanding of customers as it provides a 360 degree view with marketing information integration, centralization of information, fast collaboration capabilities such that all partners have visibility into processes and so on Microsoft Dynamics provide cash flow capabilities that simplifies accounting practices of the company which can be avoid a major challenge that can result from financial crisis which is avoided with high level of visibility into accounts. The reporting to management can become complicated with increased staff but with the use of Dynamics, reporting is simplified with real time connectivity(Lacouture, 2013). Recommendations Both solutions have their own benefits when considering adoption for any organization and an organization may choose to implement a solution based on their own requirements. For instance, a large organization that requires a very strong CRM solution that is also secure, may go for Salesforce. For such a company, the internal processes have to be strong and adaptable enough to release legacy system and train all employees on the new CRM solution to take the most out of Salesforce CRM. However, in case of a smaller organization with resistant employees who are used to working with office solutions, Microsoft would be an obvious choice as it would require least efforts in integration and training and at the same time, deployment would be faster and cheaper for specific suits. Thus, a company must analyze its current situation as per the Laudon case study to be able to select an appropriate solution for the organization considering requirements of implementation, training, cultural chang es and so on. References Ahmat, K. A. (2013). Emerging Cloud Computing Security Threats. City University of New York. Brite Global, Inc. (2013). CRM and Salesforce Product Comparison. Brite Global. Lacouture, P. A. (2013). 6 Reasons CFOs Select Microsoft Dynamics NAV to Solve their Business Challenges. Microsoft. Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2014). Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm. New York: Pearson Education Limited. Laudon, K. Laudon, J. (2001).Essentials of management information systems. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Lucey, T. (2005).Management information systems. London: Thomson Learning. McFarlan, F. McKenney, J. (1983).Corporate information systems management. Homewood, Ill.: R.D. Irwin. McLeod, R. (1983).Management information systems. Chicago: Science Research Associates. Merrill, T. (2014). Cloud computing: is your company weighing both benefits risks? ACE. Microsoft. (2015). Microsoft dynamics crm online vs. Salesforce.com. Microsoft. Microsoft Corporation. (2013). Microsoft Dynamics CRM Online security and compliance planning guide. Microsoft Corporation. Moxie. (2015). Moxie Knowledge for Microsoft Dynamics CRM: Create a Differentiated Service Experience. Moxie. O'Brien, J. (1996).Management information systems. Chicago: Irwin. Oz, E. (2002).Management information systems. Boston, MA: Course Technolog Raj, S., Garlotte, R., Taylor, G. (2014). Accenture and Salesforce: Delivering enterprise cloud solutions that help accelerate business value and enable high performance. Accenture. Wipro. (2015). Innovation To Market Faster With Cloud CRM. SalesForce. Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-61217574353535364242019-12-02T14:37:00.001-08:002019-12-02T14:37:03.929-08:00Racial Profiling an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays byRacial Profiling Race profiling is defined as the inclusion of race in the profile of a person deemed likely to perpetrate a particular crime or type of crime. It is exemplified as any police or private security procedure into which an individual is regarded as a suspect because of his or her race, ethnicity, nationality or creed. The inclusion of race as one of the numerous factors in suspect profiling is by and large backed by the law enforcement community within the Western world. Race riots have also been cited as a symptom of racial profiling. It is argued that profiling built on "any" trait is a time-tested and universal police tool, and that ruling out race as a factor is tantamount to being unwise. Need essay sample on "Racial Profiling" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Towards the last part of the 20th century in the United States though, the procedure became unpopular with the general public as exploitations by law enforcement were discovered. This occurs as police investigate, stop, frisk, search or apply force against a person based on such characteristics instead of proof of a person's illegal activities. It frequently entails the stopping and searching of people of color for traffic violations, recognized as "DWB" or "driving while black or brown." Though typically related with African Americans and Latinos, racial profiling and "DWB" have also turned out to be shorthand expressions for police stops of Asians, Native Americans, and, increasingly after 9/11, Arabs, Muslims and South Asians ( Pampel, 2004). Racial profiling may mean pedestrian stops, "gang" databases, bicycle stops, making use of police attack dogs, suspicion at stores and malls, immigration worksite incursions, and in addition to the 2000 presidential election in Florida, harassment on the way to polls, or "voting while black or brown". Even Customs and some other airport personnel also employ racial profiling of commuters (Defosse, 2002). Some say that racial profiling is completely groundless, such as profiling an African American person because of their race. So the question at the outset will be Is racial profiling real? Nearly all Americans believe so. In a July 2001 Gallup poll, it gives an account that 55 percent of whites and 83 percent of blacks think racial profiling is pervasive. Moreover, the reports of thousands of racial and ethnic group members across the state add credibility to the assessment that racial profiling is well-founded. These are accounts from all walks of life, not just reliable, industrious everyday people, but movie and TV personalities, professional athletes, and members of the military. What's more, reports of racial profiling come from esteemed members of communities of color such as law enforcement commanders, prosecutors, judges, state legislators, legal representatives, dentists and even representatives in Congress, who have been victims (Weitzer & Tuch, 2006). Some quarters argue that racial profiling is actually just a new term for an old practice known by other names: institutional racism and discrimination and owes its being to prejudice that has remained in this country since slavery. Critics maintain that race must in no way be considered for any basis in a police encounter; it should not at all be considered the major or motivating cause for suspicion. It is because its used to describe a specific suspect in a specific crime and only when used in a manner like other physical descriptions (e.g., hair color, weight, distinguishing marks). Moreover even if race could be advantageous, use of race possibly will lead to many more inaccuracies where the real wrongdoer happened not to fit the race predicted by the pattern and law enforcement fails to capture the suspect. It is occasionally essential to regard racial factors in a way that may not be directly obvious from the above when dealing with hate crimes and the like, though it is very unusual to think of conditions where racial profiling would assist police decision-making in this situation. This is often referred to as the "be on the lookout" (BOLO) exception. A number of groups contend that if a disproportional number of members of a race are, for example, stopped, searched, or arrested, compared to the general population or to other races, it is due to discrimination or inequity. And there are those that say that in the United States, the government does not have the right to perform racial profiling. The Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution secures the right to be protected from unwarranted search and seizure without apparent cause. In view of the fact that the considerable mass of people of all races are law-abiding citizens, simply being of a race which a police officer deems to be more likely to carry out a crime than another is not probable cause. In addition, the Fourteenth Amendment of the US Constitution compels that all US citizens be dealt with equally under the law. It is unconstitutional for a representative of the government to make judgments on the basis of race. This observation has been supported by the US Supreme Court in Batson v. Kentucky and numerous other cases (Pampel, 2004). Some groups also argue that police who concentrate their limited attention on one racial group allow criminals from other racial groups to go free. After the 1995 Oklahoma City Bombing, authorities exhausted a disproportionate amount of time and resources on two men of Middle Eastern ancestry. It turned out that this terrorist attack was carried out by a white male; if the terrorist had intended more than one act of violence, the waste of restricted resources probing men of Middle Eastern descent may possibly have cost lives. In commuter places like airports, racial profiling is every so often used to single out who to investigate more vigilantly and lengthily than everyone else. If a person's physical features look like someone of Middle Eastern origin, then they're normally expected to be stopped and searched methodically than someone who has the physical features of a European individual. It has also been indicated that a lot of Arabs and South Asians bear a resemblance to South ( and occasionally even North) Europeans (Defosse, 2002). According to some advocates (Weitzer and Tuch 2006)., only the non-racial factors are warranted in suspect profiling; police should pay no attention to any ethnic or racial information they have on people caught up in the illegal trade. During a 2002 poll, for instance, 73 percent of whites, 77 percent of Hispanics, and 91 percent of African Americans condemned of racial profiling by the police. Organizations such as NAAP and the ACLU are staunchly opposed to "racial profiling". A large amount of crimes is perpetrated by whites, they say, and profiling based absolutely on race singles out minorities such as African-Americans and individuals of Hispanic descent. They also debate the claim that more crime is carried out by minorities, because, they say, it has been statistically verified not to be the case. However, in a "consent decree," the State Police approved to implement a new policy that no person may be apprehended and held based on race, except said character corresponds with the sketch of a specific suspect. References Defosse, Jonathan R., "Asian Americans, radical profiling, and national security", in: George Washington Law Review, 70 (2002), no. 1, pp. 181-211. Pampel, Fred C., Racial profiling, New York: Facts on File, c2004. 284 p.; 24 cm. Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_profiling" Ronald Weitzer and Steven Tuch. 2006. Race and Policing in America: Conflict and Reform (New York: Cambridge University Press). Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-31407175648102888842019-11-27T03:59:00.001-08:002019-11-27T03:59:03.066-08:00Summary of the Movie Gladiator essaysSummary of the Movie Gladiator essays The movie that I chose to do my movie critique on was Gladiator. It was an enjoyable movie to watch. The director Ridley Scott directs a film by David Franzoni, to depict exactly what it was to be a gladiator and the adventure that they went through. From the infamous fights that took place in the Roman Coluseum, to the dramatic feeling that overcame Maximus (Russell Crowe) as his family was killed through the treacherous actions of his rival Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix). The movie Gladiator begins with the battle with Romanian Army under the leadership of Emperor Marcus Aurelius against the Barbarian Tribe of Germania. This scene showed many striking points. For instance take the scene and where it takes place. In many scenes of the movie the armies are dressed in traditional armor. The armor that they wore contained great detail. The roaring sounds from the crowd of soldiers being excited because they are so eager to go into battle to fight helps the viewer feel the excitement that is taking place in the movie. The music helps the viewer get feel like they are standing in the middle of the battle while it was taking place. The director used many sound effects that helped bring the movie to life, such as the clinking of the swords during the fight and the sound of arrows flying through the air. As the plot continues the Romanians win the battle and return home all the while Emperor Marcus Aurelius becomes ill and is on his last days. Knowing this he privately tells Maximus that he will be the next emperor in the event of his death. Before the announcement was made Marcus Aurelius was killed by his own son to prevent Maximus from being the next emperor. During this scene you can see that the lighting played a significant role because there were no electricity back then and lanterns and candles were the source of lighting. The lighting from the candles it shows just the faces of Marcus Aurelius ad Maximus as they discuss Maximus ta... Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-21973040620059816472019-11-23T11:33:00.001-08:002019-11-23T11:33:04.117-08:00Words Used to Discuss MoneyWords Used to Discuss Money The words below are some of the most important used when talking about money and finance. Each group of words in related and each word has an example sentence to provide context for learning. Practice using these words in writing in daily discussions concerning money.à You can also learn idioms using money if these words are too easy.à Banking account - I have a savings and a checking account at the bank.bank statement - Most people view bank statements online these days.bankrupt - Unfortunately the business went bankrupt three years ago.borrow - She borrowed money to purchase a car.budget - Its important to stick to your budget in order to save money.cash - Rich prefers to pay with cash rather than by credit card.cashier - The cashier can ring this up for you.check - Could I pay by check or do you prefer cash?credit (card) - Id like to put this on my credit card and pay it off over three months.debit card - Nowadays, most people pay for daily expenses using a debit card.currency - I enjoyed living in Europe when there were many different colorful currencies.debt - Too much debt can ruin your life.deposit - I need to go to the bank and deposit a few checks.exchange rate - The exchange rate is very favorable today.interest (rate) - You can get a very low interest rate on this loan.invest - Its a good idea to invest some mon ey in real estate. investment - Peter made an investment in some stock and did very well.lend - Banks lend money to qualified customers.à loan - He took out a loan to purchase the car.mortgage - Most people have to take out a mortgage to buy a house.owe - I still owe $3,000 to the bank.pay - The boss paid his employees on the last Friday of each month.save - Save money every month and youll be happy someday.à savings - I keep my savings in a different bank with higher interest.withdraw - Id like to withdraw $500 from my account.à Buying bargain - I got a great bargain on a new car.bill - The bill for the repairs came to $250.cost - How much did that shirt cost?expense - Alice had some extra expenses this month.installments - You can pay in ten easy installments of $99.price - Im afraid I cant lower the price of the car.purchase - How much food did you purchase at the supermarket?purse - She left her purse at home, so Ill pay for lunch.receipt - Always keep receipts when purchasing electronics.reduction - Were offering a special price reduction today.refund - My daughter didnt like these pants. Can I get a refund?spend - How much money do you spend every month?wallet - He took $200 out of his wallet to pay for dinner. Earning bonus - Some bosses give a bonus at the end of the year.earn - She earns over $100,000 per year.à earnings - Our companies earnings were less than expected so the boss didnt give us a bonus.income - Did you have any investment income to declare?gross income - Our gross income rose 12% this year.net income - We had a lot of costs, so our net income fell.raise - Her boss gave her a raise because shes such a great employee.salary - The job has a great salary and a lot of benefits.à wage - Part-time jobs tend to pay hourly wages.à Giving collection - The church took a collection to help the poor family.donate - Its important to donate to charity these days.donation - You can make a tax-deductible donation to help us out.à fee - There are a few fees that youll have to pay.fine - I had to pay a fine because I was late with the payment.grant - The school received a governmental grant to do the research.income tax - Most countries have an income tax, but a few lucky ones dont.inheritance - SHe came into a large inheritance last year, so she doesnt need to work.pension - Many elderly live on a small pension.pocket money - Its important to give your children pocket money.rent - Rent is so expensive in this city.scholarship - If youre lucky, youll win a scholarship to attend university.tip - I always leave a tip unless the service is very bad.winnings - She invested her winnings from Las Vegas in a crazy company. Verbs add up - The bookkeeping doesnt add up correctly. Lets recalculate.go up / down - The price of the stock went up 14%.make ends meet - More and more people are finding it difficult to make ends meet these days.pay back - Tom paid back the loan in three years.pay into - I pay a small amount into a retirement account every month.put down - She put down $30,000 towards the purchase of the house.run out - Have you ever run out of money before the end of the month?save up - Ive saved up over $10,000 to buy a new car.take out - I need to take out a loan. Other Related Words profit - We made a great profit on the deal.à property - Property almost always goes up in value if you hold onto it long enough.valuable - The painting was very valuable.à value - The value of the dollar has decreased greatly over the past ten years.à waste of money - Smoking cigarettes is bad for your health and a waste of money.wealth - I think people spend too much time focusing on wealth.worthless - Unfortunately, that painting is worthless.à Descriptive Adjectives affluent - Affluent people dont always know how lucky they are.broke - As a student, I was always broke.generous - THe generous donor gave over $5,000.hard-up - Im afraid Peter is hard-up. He hasnt been able to find a job.mean - Shes very mean. She wouldnt even buy a baby a present.poor - He may be poor, but hes very friendly.prosperous - The prosperous man grew fat and lazy.rich - Everyone wants to be rich, but few really are.stingy - Dont be so stingy with your children.wealthy - Frank is one of the wealthy people in this town.well off - Jennifer is very well off and doesnt have to work for a living.à Learn words that go together with the word money to expand your vocabulary. Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-71135922544154831452019-11-21T04:53:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:53:11.269-08:00Death and Afterlife Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsDeath and Afterlife - Essay Example In the Epic of Gilgamesh called Enkidu's Dream written around 2000 BC, the bleak concept of death being an express outcome of sins committed in life, there is a very apt reference to kings' "crowns put away forever" and the ones who stood at any worldly position on Earth "stood now like servants". This depicts how the Mesopotamian had an acute belief that the afterlife was merely suffering and distress to say the least and the dead were both pitied and feared. Furthermore, the references to "vampire foot", "lion's foot" and "eagle's talon" all illustrate the fears that the people of this time had and how they associates all that they feared with the dismal possibility of death and what they figured would happen afterwards. Contrary to this dreary outlook to life after death of the Mesopotamian people, the Greeks were more optimistic about the afterlife. Although they believed that the people who did wrong on Earth will be punished severely by the gods in the afterlife, they also believed that the good doers will have an eternally peaceful life; modern researchers believe that the concept of heaven and hell originated from this era. The Myth of ER which is the concluding part of Plato's dialogue called The Republic, talks of a man called ER who dies in battle but remains un-decomposed even after ten days when his body was recovered. Waking up two days later on his unreal pyre, he tells his people about his passage to the afterlife (probably one of the first recounts of out of body experiences) in which he sees that moral people were rewarded and the immoral were castigated in their afterlives. Many believe that this was the point where the belief that the soul was mere energy and never dies came about and the intervention of a divine being brought about conviction in following religions. Punishment and rewards in the afterlife were considered a direct consequence of one's conduct in life. The Egyptians were another matter altogether. While both the Greeks and Mesopotamians agreed on the fact that there was a life after death which may either be absolutely bleak or have either a reward or a punishment awaiting them, the Egyptians treated their dead as if they were not dead after all. Elaborate preparations went into the ensuring that a person's ka (soul) and ba (personality) were united and the being would once more surface to travel to the heavens - intact and whole. The body was embalmed for preservation and provisions like writing paper, wigs, clothing and even tools were made available that the dead may need in the afterlife. The pyramid texts inscribed inside the pyramids of some pharaohs of the fifth and the sixth dynasties are primarily associated with the transition of the dead pharaoh to its heavenly abode. "He is not of the earth, he is of the sky. . . ." depicts this transition in terms of the passage a dead being takes after the incorporation of the ka and the ba. Journey to the next world is imminent and the work continued as if alive! While both the Mesopotamians and the Greek eloquently believed that death is the end and the after life depicts what we have done in actual life, the Egyptians believed in the re-usage of energy (soul) for the continuation of the same work being done at the time of death. Oddly enough, Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-3577752187126158372019-11-19T23:36:00.001-08:002019-11-19T23:36:03.087-08:00Foundation Seminar Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsFoundation Seminar - Research Paper Example is whether conventional forms of regulation, such as protecting and controlling public communication along with the mediaââ¬â¢s main cultural and social functions, still play an important role despite the transitions undergone by the media system (Oba and Chalm-Onsted, 2005). Broadcasters and media regulators alike must be able to keep up with such changes and effectively work in an environment that will give them opportunities to upgrade their operations and strategies to new heights. Involvement between these two parties is essential to maintain the success of the TV industry in the coming years. Owing to the expansion of cable television, the multichannel environment has expanded into both the developed and underdeveloped countries (ITU, 2000). In short, multichannel media has expanded in many countries, and the cable penetration rate, such as the number of households that have gained access to cable television, has become an indicator for the development of this form of TV channel distribution. The current study aims to address several objectives- first is to ascertain whether establishing a TV channel in the Middle East that will completely cover all occurrences in the Arab world will play an important role during this time, and second is to identify the challenges that may be faced by individuals who attempt to create such a form of TV channel. The reform process that has taken place in the Arab world has been stationary as changes are moving at a slow pace despite the claims of government leaders that they have been placing much effort on this issue (Liebes and Katz, 2007). The younger generation, most especially, has become exposed to the new trends and resources of which most of the leaders who belong to the older generation do not yet understand (Kraidy and Kahlil, 2007). Therefore, the establishment of a new TV channel in the Middle East that will have a complete and uncensored coverage of all that is happening in the Arab world will help all citizens Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6215117568885251168.post-13962210977571435042019-11-17T12:06:00.001-08:002019-11-17T12:06:04.121-08:00Memories of childhood in Looking For Dad Essay Example for Free Memories of childhood in Looking For Dad Essay Memories from our childhoods are often remembered for the rest of our lives. They can range from small things like playing in the park or a birthday party to important milestones such as a first kiss or the first day of school. Now matter how small or insignificant these events seemed at the time, they will be treasured for ever and looked back on as some of the best times of your life. The memories are normally reminders of good times and the joys of childhood. But for some people, their childhoods are looked back on in sadness and remorse. In the poems Looking For Dad, My Grandmother and The Sick Equation, the narrators explore the darker sides of childhood. Each poem tells a different story, but are all about tragic memories from shattered childhoods that will scar forever. Looking For Dad is about a boy whos father leaves home. I think the author chose the title because not only does it explain the main theme of the poem, but the phrase looking for maybe refers to the soul searching the boy has to do while looking for what is missing in his life. When reading the poem, you notice that it is written in quite an upbeat tone even though it is obviously a sad poem. I think the narrator has done this because the poem is from a childs perspective. The main themes of this poem are dis-functionality and grief. Lines such as I had not tidied up my room, because I was too full of gloom and hope he will come back soon clearly show the despair that is put across by the narrator. Another theme of the poem is self-denial. The narrator doesnt want to face up to the fact that his dad has gone. Dad was hidden beneath the things Id been given and flying about my underwear but could not find him anywhere are two quotes that show that the character still believes his dad is still apart of his life even thought it is obvious he is not. The fact that he dreamt about his dad not being with him anymore shows that sub-consciously he knows his dad has gone forever and isnt going to return. The character believes that his dad simply vanished because he didnt tidy his room. At the end of the poem it says hope he will come back soon and admire my very tidy room. This shows the self-blame the character has put upon his conscience and how he now regrets taking his father for granted. The structure of the poem is strange. It has a nursery rhyme feel to it and this feel good rhythm doesnt really fit in with the other wise sombre mood of the poem. This could however represent the fact that the poem is seen through a childs eyes and he maybe does not fully understand what is going on around him. The quick feel to the poem is mainly down to the fact that it has a loose rhyming scheme and short lines. The Sick Equation is also written by Brian Patten. It is about a broken home and tells us how the narrator has been scarred for life due to his home situation. The title of the poem can be looked at in many different ways. I feel the author chose this title because people often think an equation will be confusing and complex. This is exactly what the narrators life is like. He may also have chosen to use the word equation because it can represent that when all these different factors are added together there can only be one outcome. Unlike Looking For Dad, the rhythm of this poem is slow and the lines are a lot longer with no real flow. One of the themes represented in this poem is isolation. With his parents fighting all the time, the narrator was convinced that it is better to stay one. The narrator decided to grow up alone and if anyone tried to get close to him he would make sure they quickly disappeared. The phrase I came to believe how it was best, that one remained one not onl y backs up my point, but also shows that he is maybe scared of love. Another theme which is shows quite a lot in this poem is regret. As the poem goes along, you can slowly notice how the narrator changes his attitude towards love. In the first paragraph, lines such as For by becoming two, one at least would suffer so shows that he is strongly against being loved or loving anyone at all. In the final stanza the line I am better off for knowing now, that given love, by taking love all can in time refute proves that the narrators mood towards love has changed dramatically as he has now learnt that not all love is painful. The second stanza really shows regret and anger. Believing this I threw away so many gifts- I never let love stay long enough to take roots but by thinking myself of too little worth, I crushed all its messengers. It shows that the narrator feels he has missed out on so much and is angry that he didnt learn his lesson sooner. I was wrong of course, just asà those who brought me up were wrong is another quote that shows anger and rese ntment towards his childhood, in particularly the way his parents brought him up. I grew or did not grow is a phrase that shows that the narrator feels that while he was un-loved, he could not grow as a person. It could also mean he thinks he has missed out on his childhood and started off with the harsh feelings only and adult could understand and no child should have to feel. And as you cannot grow past being an adult, in that sense he has not grown. The narrator also tells of how even a new couple cannot possibly, in his mind, escape the shadow of divorce. When conveying this view, he makes reference to an albatross. This could also have different meanings. The most obvious meaning that springs to mind is because the albatross has the biggest wing span, it would create a huge shadow over any marriage. But a more in depth analysis could link the albatross back to the poem Rhyme of the ancient mariner. The tone of the poem is a lot more depressing than the first poem. The structure is also cleverly devised by the author. The first stanza has a disorganised and erratic rhyme scheme which represents the confusion and disorder in the narrators life. But as the poem progresses, a more organised rhyme pattern starts to appear and the emergence of rhyming couplets maybe shows the narrators life is calming down and becoming more organised. The narrator also uses irony when he says home, sweet home. The final poem I studied was My Grandmother. This poem is about the narrators grandmother. The title was chosen mainly because it explains what the poem is about. The word my may seem small and unimportant, but when people are proud of something they often emphasise and make it known they are linked with the person or object by using this technique. For example, when people use the phrase Thats my boy it is a way of saying, hes with me and I want everyone to know. The title could therefore mean the narrator is proud of his Grandmother and wants everyone to know this. Once again the main theme of this poem is regret. I remember how I once refused, to go out with her, since I was afraid and Though she never said, that she was hurt, I could still feel the guilt are phrases that back up this point. Another theme of the poem is isolation and loneliness. She kept an antique shop à or it kept her and She watched her own reflection is the brass are quotes that show the Grandmother was lonely and obviously didnt have any close friends or family. I think the use of an antique shop is meant to represent old age. When reading the poem, you notice it is quite fast and up beat. This is because of the rhyme scheme A, B, A, B, C, C, which is used in each stanza. The poem also uses iambic pentameter. This gives it a quick tempo and makes it free flowing. The speed of the poem is again in contrast with the themes of the poem. This is maybe due to the fact that the narrator admits when she died, I felt no grief at all. This means that the narrator has nothing to be sad about and therefore keeps the poem quite up beat. Each stanza tells a different part of the story and the first and third stanzas are explaining events, where as the second and fourth and primarily about the feelings of the narrator. Each of these poems outlines different experiences of childhood. Looking For Dad talks about divorce and separation, The Sick Equation discusses the affects of domestic arguments and My Grandmother is about the death of a loved one. But the themes that are constantly mentioned in all the poems are regret and isolation. This shows that maybe bad memories are more memorable than the good ones and the scars left by these experiences will always remain fresh in the minds of the characters Oliverhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16064143634172441358noreply@blogger.com0