What Russia completely backwards as a Country

Was Russia a backwards country? Many things held Russia behind as a country compared to the other great powers Like Britain, France and Germany. One thing that held the country back was Serfdom. Russian's population as made up from 80% Serfs and the majority of Serfs owned no land. Serfs produced little export because the food that they harvested was Just enough to feed them and their families. This held the country back because little Income was coming into the country to fund an Industrial revolution.By 1855 only Russia out of the great powers still had serfs. Serfs were also made to live In Emir's which again hindered the country and the Industrial revolution because less people traveled to the big cities to become workers In the factories because serfs had to ask permission from the elders to leave the Emir's. Russia was behind in the Industrial revolution compared to the other great powers of Europe like Britain who started there industrial revolution by the end of the 18th cent ury.Another thing that held Russia back was Autocratic state. The Tsar was in complete control of Russia and had no one to answer to when making his decisions on what happened with his country. The country had no real parliament as only one was ever formed by Alex II but was then removed by his son Alex Ill after his assassination. This was unlike Britain and France who were ruled by the government at this time. However Russia was much like Germany at this time which was ruled by a Kaiser Wilhelm II.Since Russia had no real parliament Russia was stuck with the conservative ideas of Tsar and his ministers. There are however reasons to suggest the Russia wasn't completely backwards as a country. Alexander II did make reforms for example the emancipation f the serfs and the setting up of Russian's very first government, even though this government was very limited to only the rich and educated men it was a step in the right direction for Russia.Russia also had the Trans-Siberian railwa y which the country was very proud of, which suggests that the country was advancing. However It was still behind countries like Britain which had Railway systems since Manama years before the railway was extended In the sass In Russia. The size of the Russia empire also suggests the advancement of Russia as Russia was able to keep the arrest continuous land empire In the world covering a sixth of the world's surface.Russia during the end of the 19th century and to the beginning of the 20th century as a country was clearly advancing with the extension of the railway and the attempt at reform however the country could not advance quick enough to match that of Brutal and France due to the conservative attitude of the autocratic leaders of Russia Itself. What Russia completely backwards as a Country 1881? By Astrologically like Britain, France and Germany. One thing that held the country back was Serfdom. Income was coming into the country to fund an industrial revolution.By 1855 only Russia out of the great powers still had serfs. Serfs were also made to live in Emir's which again hindered the country and the industrial revolution because less people traveled to the big cities to become workers in the factories because serfs had to ask it was still behind countries like Britain which had Railway systems since Manama years before the railway was extended in the sass in Russia. The size of the Russia largest continuous land empire in the world covering a sixth of the world's surface. Britain and France due to the conservative attitude of the autocratic leaders of Russia itself.

Exploring Love and Loss Essay

Guiding Question: How can we compare and explore the themes of love and loss within 4 poems of our choice? This essay will be based upon the four poems â€Å"First Love† by John Clare, â€Å"Remember† by Christina Rossetti, â€Å"When We Two Parted† by Lord Byron and â€Å"A Woman to Her Lover† by Christina Walsh. The themes of love and loss will be explored and compared in this essay, and we will be shown how the authors use of language, structure, and form in each poem, can be shown to portray their ideas, regarding love and loss. â€Å"First Love†, â€Å"Remember† and â€Å"When We Two Parted† have a fixed rhyme – (ABAB rhyme). However, â€Å"A Woman to Her Lover† has free verse structure (no iambic pentameter) which was used to develop the idea of freedom because the poem is about â€Å"real love† and freedom. It is the only poem of the four that doesn’t stick to any rhythm, maybe this is because the author wanted to capture the reader’s attention? A good example of this is when Christina Walsh says â€Å"O husband, I am yours forever and our co-equal love will make the stars to laugh with joy. † This is one way that Christina shows freedom in her poetry. â€Å"Remember† has a patriarchal sonnet, which is where the first eight lines discuss a particular idea of loss, and the last six lines offer a resolution/conclusion of that idea. â€Å"When We Two Parted† has a blank verse and uses an iambic pentameter. An example of an iambic pentameter in â€Å"When We Two Parted† is â€Å"Half broken-hearted, to sever for years. † This shows ten syllables, and with every other being stressed, it creates intensity and a certain amount of seriousness. In these two poems, â€Å"First Love† and â€Å"A Woman to Her Lover†, the authors try their best to represent the nature of love. In reading â€Å"First Love†, john Clare gives out a clear message to the readers: How it feels when we fall in love for the first time. He expresses falling in love as something magical. He describes how his legs â€Å"refused to walk away†, in other words meaning he was totally wrapped up in love and so mesmerized by her beauty that he did not actually want to walk away. â€Å"A Woman to Her Lover† is unusual. The poem represents love, but it is as If Christina Walsh doesn’t want to be possessed or worshipped, but respected instead. She thinks love means equal partnership; for example sharing things. It is not love if she does everything for her partner – â€Å"No servant will I be if that be what you ask. O lover I refuse you! † â€Å"When We Two Parted† and â€Å"Remember† both express love in different ways. â€Å"When We Two Parted† shows that you do not know what you have until you lose it. Lord Byron had many affairs and therefore when he found out that his mistress was dying, he could not openly grieve because nobody knew that they were lovers. When he found out about his mistress dying, he felt sad and depressed, but all the same felt trapped, because he could not express himself. This sadness and depression made it so hard for Byron to express his feelings, because maybe it caused her love for him to die. These four poems also represent loss in some ways. â€Å"When We Two Parted† and â€Å"Remember† are very similar. Both poems give a different kind of message to their lovers but have one thing in common – the loss of a good, strong relationship. Byron is portraying that his mistress dumped him and now he does not know how to deal with it because he is married and is having an affair. He cannot openly talk about how he feels as his affair was a secret. He also writes â€Å"A knell to mine ear† in the third stanza. This is explaining that if he hears her name, it would be like a death bell in his ears. This poem also shows love deteriorating. Christina Rossetti on the other hand, is explaining to her lover how she is dying slowly, and to move on and be happy. The first line â€Å"†¦ REMEMBER me when I am gone away† clearly tells us that this is poem is about loss and possibly death. She talks about separating from a loved one – possibly her husband – but it is not clear because in the second line she says that she will go â€Å"far away into a silent land. † This again could represent heaven – the fact that she is dying, or that she is just simply fed up of her relationship and wants to get away from everything, including love. â€Å"First Love† is the only poem out of these four that hardly represents loss (in the sense of never being to experience first love once again). It shows that he has lost his heart to her and is blinded by love. This can particularly be expressed when John Clare writes â€Å"and then my blood rushed to my face and took my eyesight quite away,† and â€Å"I could not see a single thing. † This shows that through his eyes, all he can see is her, and love, and he is overwhelmed by the feeling. However, â€Å"A Woman to Her Lover† represents loss because Christina Walsh’s partner is losing out on getting her. We can see this in the first three stanzas where Christina is refusing her lover and wants to be independent. Focusing on the first two stanzas mainly, there is evidence of Christina refusing her lover; â€Å"O lover I refuse you! † (First stanza) and â€Å"Fool, I refuse you! † (Second stanza), this shows that Rossetti may perhaps be trying to express loss, but the loss of which is derived from love. This is how the poems share a link, they are on the basis of love, but some waver off into loss. These four poems show different aspects of imagery. â€Å"First Love† uses natural imagery – for example â€Å"trees†, â€Å"flowers† and â€Å"snow† to create a positive mood, but â€Å"Remember† creates a dark and depressive mood, which we can clearly see from her style of language and tone, which is morbid. We can see this when Rossetti says â€Å"†¦ REMEMBER me when I am gone away, gone far away into the silent land, when you can no more hold me by the hand, nor I half turn to go yet turning stay. † The rhyme is also important here because it increases the fluency. â€Å"When We Two Parted† also creates a dull and depressive atmosphere because we can see from the title that the relationship is over and that there is bound to be grief from both lovers. Finally, â€Å"A Woman to Her Lover† expresses imagery that causes tension, as the last stanza has a turning point explaining how Christina Walsh will be with her husband forever, whereas in other stanzas she refuses her lover as mentioned above. To explore love and loss, and portray to the reader how they are felt, each writer uses a different mix of literary techniques. Similes can be very effective in comparing human emotions to items that the author can relate to. In â€Å"First Love,† One example of how John Clare uses similes is when he describes and compares his first love’s beauty to flowers – â€Å"Her face it bloomed like a sweet flower. † Clare also uses a hyperbole; â€Å"And then my blood rushed to my face and took my eyesight quite away. † This is known as a hyperbole (an exaggeration) because he isn’t literally blind, he has just lost his heart to a woman, and this highlights the phrase: love is blind, which is often heard these days. Clare was so caught up in love that he could not see anything else. He uses personification when saying â€Å"Are flowers the winters choice? † He is saying that he has never felt these feelings before, and is comparing love to snow because snow is beautiful. It was easy to picture the scene of the poems because it sounded sensible, and is backed up by a clear use of emotive language and imagery. Some things such as â€Å"snow† in â€Å"First Love† are unusual, but not unheard of, and so this results in people finding it is easy to paint a mental picture of. The ideas of love and loss in these poems are important as they show us what the speaker felt at the time. It was a personal experience to them, and the imagery they used was very effective because it took a powerful grip on the reader, and the way imagery was used, is something that readers could relate to. The authors made each poem sound as pure as possible through using literary techniques such as: metaphors, similes, hyperboles, adjectives, personification, and natural imagery. These four poems are effective because they explore the idea and theme of love and loss thoroughly enough for the readers to get a general perspective on how love and loss can affect us in everyday life.

Movies Good or Bad

Division Classification Essay| Tabitha NewberryFridays 8:30-11:30| Is the theaters Movies worse or better than Home movies? | | While I do not generally care for television, I do enjoy movies. Movies, however, present both a financial and a time commitment. When my family and I go to a movie, we spend roughly $20 for admission and an additional $20 for popcorn, sodas, and other snacks. At this cost, a night at the movies will often function as the evening meal as well. Occasionally my mom and I or my sister and I will go see something I especially want to see and leave my son with a sitter.Still the financial obligation is significant. Movies generally last somewhere between an hour and a half to two hours, plus time to dress, drive, park the car, buy tickets, get snacks, find a seat, and watch previews. Thus, there isn't always room in a busy schedule–or a tight budget– to go to movies. In other words, I can't see them all at the theater. For these reasons, I've devise d a ranking of movies to include those that I can watch at home. The films belong in these categories: 1) Films I will pay to watch in a theater; 2) Films I will rent; and 3) Films I will watch on television.I will pay to see three different types of movies: family pictures, Funny, and what can I say I’m a hopeless Romantic. Sometimes these all overlap, making me truly happy but usually not. With a young son the pressures to see every child’s, or family, film is tremendous. He does not sit still long enough to even watch a 30 minute television show. At daycare, they hear all about â€Å"Brother Bear† and â€Å"Dore the Explore,† or â€Å"Go Diego Go. † The actual quality of these films is meaningless to children. Deny them the opportunity and they feel cheated. Take them to a bad film, and they become instant film critics.My son has a little bit before he gets to that point, but you get my drift. Yet I still try taking him, I do. As a family, we al l including my son like the funny movies. It is a given that we will see every new â€Å"Romantic Comedy† or â€Å"Kids Movie † film that makes its way to theaters within the opening week. Some other adaptations or other very film-not-movie type films warrant their own special experience for me, I suppose, due to my Romantic interest. Not terribly long ago I dragged my Sister to see a film entitled â€Å"The Vow† This film deals with a real love story of faith, the tale of a love that refuses to be forgotten, and is ased on the actual relationship of Kim and Krickitt Carpenter, who wrote a book about their marriage, also known as The Vow. Most movies that I will rent but not pay theater prices to view are the free kids movies or worse†¦BARNEY AND FRIENDS! These movies were the movies my mom used to say were a treat for us kids if we were good. â€Å"Free and funny† she called it. The previews sell them quite well but not well enough to put them on th e must-see list. So they end up in my home during one of those hey-want-to-rent-a-movie times. Unfortunately, finding time to watch a rented video or DVD is not an easy feat at my house.My son likes to fight his sleep and then homework and dishes and extra cleaning on the weekends when company comes over. The weekends are about the only times my son and I feel like staying up late to watch a movie. (Probably the only time he stays up late EVER), and not surprising we fall asleep just minutes into our rented films. Sometimes these films go unwatched back to the movie store. About once every couple of months when there's nothing I want to see on the Lifetime Channel, ill flip through the channels and find a movie.I don't pay for any of the special movie channels because I would never see a return on my investment. But I first saw â€Å"The day after tomorrow,† â€Å"The Alamo,† â€Å"The Shawshank Redemption,† and numerous others this way. Of course, they were fou r or five years old when I finally saw them. One plus to; waiting this long to see them is that I won't be influenced by the viewpoints of others when I formulate my critical analyses. Regardless of the genre and regardless of my personal classification, I find most films to be a bit of a let-down, especially if someone has raved to me about how wonderful a particular film is.I always seem to think the â€Å"industry† could do better. For this reason, many of them make it to the watch it on television group. On the other hand, those that do make it to the theater group are often suitable enough to make it to the purchase for home group, but that's really another class altogether. So with all that said and done; I think I would rather just chill at home with my son and wait 4-5 years to watch a movie on television, than spend almost 40 bucks on a movie I will probably only watch once at the theater. And save me a lot of time and effort as well.

Impact of the world recession on the oil market 2008-2010 Essay

Impact of the world recession on the oil market 2008-2010 - Essay Example After a call of Emergency, AIG insurance was bailed out (2008 Global Financial Crisis and Global Recession, 2011). There had been various factors involved, which had led to the crash. The housing market failure had been one of the reasons. However, there were certain external shocks as well, which contributed to the series of financial failures. The oil shock was one major other factor. It had been an observation that prices had started to rise in 2007, compared to the price level after 9/11. A large amount of this price increase was due to the increase in the price of oil. This large amount of price increase triggered people to default on their borrowings, which had started the housing crash. A figure below shows the sharp increase in oil price from 2007 to 2008. The price had been averaging at some 60$ per barrel, while in 2008, they had increased to around $132.8. Therefore, this shows that oil shocks ‘might’ have been one of the reasons for the starting of the Global Financial Crisis. However, one would also notice that after the crisis had started, the prices of oil had suddenly dropped by a gigantic amount in 2009. Prices started to pick up in late 2009, but it was a slow increase. This in effect illustrates that the global recession caused changes in the oil market as well. Therefore, the paper shall attempt to discuss the impact of this crisis and recession on the world oil market (Rainforest-mongabay.com, n.d). â€Å"Oil has always been one of the most heavily traded commodities in the world† (Bouchentouf, 2007). It has large importance for the world economy. The demand of oil is such that it is inelastic, that means even if the price rises, people would continue to buy it. Oil is indispensable and is a raw material for various other products. However, oil has an inelastic supply as well, that means since it is a non-renewable resource, it will eventually run out. This all highlights the

Management issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Management issue - Essay Example ation can be achieved through proper communication by the management team to their employees, which raises the morale of the working team thereby achieving the targeted results. This paper looks at the role of effective communication in the motivation of the employees. It also highlights the implications of communication and motivation with the employees on the management while looking at how this could be a problem if not addressed properly. The paper further looks at the skills the managers need in order to be good motivators of their team and communicate effectively. Motivation is mainly associated with increase in pay or other better payment packages, career opportunities and also good relationships with co-workers at the workplace. However, communication acts as a pivotal aspect in employee motivation, and the management needs to understand the role of communication in motivation (Morreale et al., 2008). Effective communication entails proper information distribution in the company as all the information involving the company decisions should disseminated to the company employees (Bates, 2009). The company should ensure that they give the employees proper information involving the company such as the sale of shares, changes in the workforce and management, which eliminates incorrect rumours that the employees may form while at the same time making the employees feel respected by the company. Proper relationships are built by the employees, the management, and all departmental heads throughout the company. Communication strengthens the relation ships between the workers and the management making the employees more productive as they relate well with their supervisors and managers (Eunson, 2007). This can be achieved by holding departmental meetings weekly where the members of the department discuss the issues of the company or even employee assistance programs by the management to help the employees improve their skill set in a given aspect. In the decision

Commercial law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 6

Commercial law - Essay Example This explains the reasons why people in commercial undertakings consult legal minds2 on various ways through which they secure themselves as well as their businesses from unwarranted losses. In this case, protection takes different formats. The aim of taking protection measures is to make sure that the commercial person gets particular property and rights that will offer enough compensation to him or her just in case another member in the transaction fails in the obligations assigned to him or her by the contract for any reason. For instance, Arthur agreed to sell to David who resides in Paris five thousand tones of unrefined sugar imported from Jamaica. The fear in this context comes in two perspectives3. First Arthur would fear that David could not pay his money either in full, not all, or delay the payment. This is from the viewpoint of the supplier4. The second fear pertains to the receiver. David would fear that Arthur would fail to supply the right quality of sugar, pack less quantity, delay delivery, or fail to deliver completely5. The right ways of taking security including the receiver withholding payment until reception of the goods is one of the alternatives available to the receiver. On the other hand, the supplier would ask for payment before making any deliveries to take of uncertain eventualities6. To safeguard his rights, Arthur could stipulate in the contract that he remains the absolute owner of the sugar until payment is cleared. In case, Arthur has more needs for the money he could stipulate that the money goes to a specific agency before delivering the sugar to David7. However, in this case, David is one the receiving end because he was the receiver who received sugar8 outside the agreed time to a level that the market price is now half the officially estimated one. If one follows proper restructuring, trusts are the best means by which participants in commercial enterprises can take security. First, trusts work in dealings

PEST(LE) Analysis about ford Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PEST(LE) Analysis about ford - Lab Report Example Presently, the company operates worldwide in more than 80 countries and is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The company owns a minor stake in companies Mazda and Aston Martin. Ford is regarded as the second largest automaker in the world based on the net sales of the year 2010. It is the eight ranked company American company in the list of Fortune 500, based on the global revenue earned in the year 2009 and 2010. This study will lay an emphasis on the background of the Ford Company and its worldwide operations. The study will also give an insight into the present scenario of the vehicle industry of UK and its impact on the Ford Company. The study will conduct a macro environmental analysis of the UK domestic and industrial vehicle industry. The study will highlight the present financial and strategic position of the company and the factors affecting the growth of the company. Finally, the study will conclude with a forecast of the company and suggestions that can improve its cu rrent financial and strategic position of the company. Background Presently, the company operates worldwide with an employee base of 166000 which helps in delivering vehicles that are of high quality and exceptional value to the customers across the globe (Ford, 2013h). The first car designed and manufactured by Henry Ford was Cadillac in the year 1901 and the company was known as Cadillac Motor Company. In the year 1908 the company introduced a car known as Model A, the first car with safety glass and a windshield. The company gained popularity and kept on manufacturing cars with innovative structure. By the end of 2005 the company was claimed as one of the world’s largest automaker in USA because of its introduction of a series of unique cars based on innovative technologies. The company had introduced cars based on hybrid electric powertrain technologies and plug in hybrid technologies which has increased its customer base of industrial and individual clients. The company had created a transportation revolution by manufacturing vehicles which were classy, sturdy and uniquely designed. Reasons & Methods of Growth of Ford The cars manufactured by Ford are known for their sturdiness, elegant design and high vehicle standards. The company is highly committed in the design and production of vehicles that have the ability to deliver superior performance, offer innovative safety and offer innovative safety and driver assist technologies (Ford, 2013c). This has earned the company several awards in its field like â€Å"Top Safety Pick Awards† from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) and has also received good ratings from the same. The automotive supply chain of Ford is one of the biggest strength and the company relies on thousands of its suppliers for the timely supply of car raw materials, parts and other necessary services for successful automotive making (Ford, 2013j).The suppliers have acted as catalyst for the company in achieving lower costs, improvement of quality of car making and improving the sustainable development situation (Ford, 2013i). The management of Ford ensures that a pleasant relationship is maintained with the suppliers and there is enough support for the human rights in the supply chain (Ford, 2013b). The company believes in performing business activities by ensuring proper sustainable development practices like reduction of water usage by 8.5 percent, energy reduction and by customer engagement

Do human beings need illusions or fictions in order to live life Term Paper

Do human beings need illusions or fictions in order to live life meaningfully Why or why not Discuss by drawing on the work of two philosophers we have discussed this to defend your claim - Term Paper Example With this, it can be claimed that meaningfulness is often defined in relation to an ideal figure or state. While this may not necessarily imply that the ways to a meaningful life should be similar to all people, it highlights the fact that its primary characteristics should be. Thus, more often than not, we use certain standards to evaluate a person’s life. In our evaluation, however, we do not consider the four facets equally. Typically, we rank the facets this way, from most important to least important: spiritual, personal, social, and professional. Thus, it is our idea of morality that usually influences our judgment of a meaningful life. Simply put, to live a meaningful life is to live a moral life. Morality, loosely defined, is the practice of good habits, freely and knowingly. Indeed, for a person to be moral, not only must he know the conceptual differences between good and evil, he must also wholeheartedly do good acts. Through this example, we can see the interrelated roles of knowledge and freedom in the formation of good character in a person. With this, it is the formation of good character that is regarded to be the concrete manifestation of a meaningful life. It is in the acquisition of virtues, which is a result of having done wise decisions in life, that makes a person truly happy. While we all agree that it is natural for us to choose to do the good, understanding why and how we do so is hard. Thus, it is in the intention we possess and the quality of good acts we do that ultimately define our character. And this is where the big issue starts. In this essay, we aim to shed light on the nature of a meaningful life (in the context of moral life) by looking at theistic and existentialistic positions. As for the existentialistic positions, we examine the teachings of Sartre and Kierkegaard. In the end, we intend to prove that morality can be accessed and practiced

Comparing state,federal,county correctional officers Essay

Comparing state,federal,county correctional officers - Essay Example encourage public safety by inducing the prison inmates to be at the right side of the law although the extent of their emphasis on either role – law enforcement or social work, may differ in different community corrections agencies in various jurisdictions (U.S. Courts). Federal correctional officers work under the judicial branch of the government, maintaining a close relationship to courts, while at state and local level, probation is a function of executive branch. Federal corrections officers not only take on-the-job training like their counterparts in state and local levels in their districts but also get national training. This training in core responsibilities and fire-arms is provided to officers at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center in Charleston, South Carolina. These officers at all levels handle ‘specialized caseloads’ of a particular section of criminals like substance abusers, the mentally ill and the gang members, offering challenging duties to these officers. Although it is not compulsory to carry fire-arms, but officers dealing with violent offenders are, generally, allowed to carry firearms. They are community partners, providing services, which include substance abuse and mental health treatment, medical care , education and training, and employment assistance (U.S.Courts). According to the Congress of the United States Paper (2005), corrections officer are 18% of the total task force of federal law enforcement officers, using the data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics. According to the census’s categorization of law enforcement jobs, the duties of corrections officers would include court operations including security and protection. As per Congress Budget Office (CBO) analysis, federal officers earn more than state and county level officers’, which is because of differences in job responsibilities, accounting to a certain extent for such pay differentials. This earning differential, which is the percentage difference

Adoption Should not Be Promoted over Abortion Assignment

Adoption Should not Be Promoted over Abortion - Assignment Example A lot of the times when he brings up adoption, the author does not actually explain what's wrong with it.   He just states that it is wrong and then glosses over the explanation by using shock words. Even though I do not agree with her, the author does present sources for her data that back up her arguments. However, I have seen sources that argue just as convincingly for the opposing opinion. Although the author is arguing for her opinion, she prefers to do so through the presentation of study results and listing the possible consequences. She does not seem interested in using rhetorical devices to make her argument more effective. Yes. Even though the author does not cite articles, he represents several sides of the issue and does not just resort to scare or smear tactics to convince people that he is right and his opponents.  Appeal to Fear – Basically the entire speech.   The author consistently uses terms like â€Å"genocide,† â€Å"scourge,† â€Å"pl ague,† and even compares the issue to the use of gas chambers. Hasty Generalization – The author assumes that all white people are racist.  If a black child is adopted by white parents, he will not be able to cope with racism because his white parents will not know how to teach him it.  The teaching of sex education to children educates them about sex, meaning that they will be more likely to engage in sexual activity.

Economics History Essay Example for Free

Economics History Essay During the 1980s Mexico experienced what Latin American social scientists call a change in its development model. Gone is the import-substitution industrialization model that characterized Mexico since the 1930s. Instead, Mexico has become an open economy in which the states intervention is limited by a new legal and institutional framework. Under the new model, the tendency is for the market to replace regulation, private ownership to replace public ownership, and competition, including that from foreign goods and investors, to replace protection. Nothing illustrates the change in strategy more vividly than the pursuit of a free trade agreement with the United States, first mentioned by Salinas in June 1990, and the constitutional reform of land distribution and the ejido system adopted at the end of 1991 (Watling, 1992). What prompted this change in development strategy? Mexico had taken a risk in the 1970s by borrowing heavily in world capital markets and indulging in over-expansive policies, and then paid dearly when oil prices fell and world interest rates rose. Adjustment to the new circumstances required a policy that would increase net exports, generating foreign exchange to service the external debt. Because the government, not the private sector, owed most of the external debt, fiscal policy also had to change in order to increase revenues and cut noninterest expenditures. The restoration of growth required changes that would build confidence and encourage private capital inflows by means other than commercial bank loans, which were no longer available. Finally, to make the economy more flexible and competitive in a global context, the rules that governed the flow of goods and investment had to change. In mid- 1982Mexico was in a deep economic crisis. The international environment was adverse to a Mexico saddled with foreign debt. World interest rates were high, the price of oil, Mexicos main export, was falling, and commercial banks had stopped lending. This unfavorable international environment exacerbated the consequences of domestic imbalances and contributed to rampant inflation, capital flight, and chaos in the financial and foreign exchange markets. To confront the internal imbalances and accommodate the adverse external conditions, Mexico was compelled to adjust its expenditures, reorient its output, and find new ways to foster growth. In the early 1990s Mexico gained recognition as a country successfully managing economic adjustment and reform. Inflation slowed, flight capital was returning, domestic and foreign investment was rising, and per capita output began to grow. The path to recovery, however, had been far from smooth. Well into the late 1980s, analysts wondered why Mexicos recovery was so slow despite the sound macroeconomic policies and structural reforms it had instituted. The slow recovery imposed high social costs on the Mexican population, as per capita real disposable income fell on average by 5 percent a year between 1983 and 1988. For some six years the Mexican government focused economic policy on restoring stability, particularly on lowering the rate of inflation and keeping the loss of international reserves in check. It finally succeeded in 1988, when inflation decreased from monthly averages close to 10 percent at the beginning of the year to about 1 percent by years end. However, growth did not follow. Only a combination of more decisive external support and a shift in Mexicos development strategy managed to produce a turnaround. The changes regarding the role of the state in economic matters and the countrys economic interaction with the rest of the world are particularly striking. Reforms sought to reduce state intervention and regulation so as to open new investment opportunities, build business confidence, and create a more flexible and efficient incentive structure. These reforms have called for substantial modifications in the legal and institutional frameworks of the economy that will shape the country for decades to come. In the late 1970s, on the mistaken assumption that the rise in world oil prices and the availability of cheap external credit would continue, the Mexican government engaged in a spending spree. The resulting fiscal deficit increased inflation rates and the trade deficit. The fiscal and external gaps were filled with external borrowing. In 1981, when the price of oil began to fall and external credit became more expensive and of a shorter maturity, the Mexican government failed to implement fiscal and relative price adjustments to adapt to the new, less favorable conditions. Fear of an imminent devaluation of the peso fueled capital flight, and a large nominal devaluation followed in early 1982 (Banco de Mexico, 1983). As inconsistent policies were pursued, the macroeconomic environment became increasingly chaotic. Capital flight continued, and as reserves were depleted and no more credit was available to service debt payments, in August 1982 the Mexican government had to declare an involuntary moratorium on its debt, triggering a debt crisis that soon acquired global proportions. Tensions between the private sector and the government peaked in September 1982, when the government announced the nationalization of the banking system (Banco de Mexico, 1983). When Miguel de la Madrids government came to power in December 1982, it confronted the unenviable task of restoring economic stability in the face of a hostile domestic private sector and reluctant external creditors. In other Latin American countries the political resistance of different social groups expressed in massive strikes or threats of coups added to the climate of economic instability and made the necessary adjustment more difficult. However, Mexicos difficulties cannot be blamed on the political resistance of wage earners or other social groups to absorbing the costs of adjustment. In Mexico, policymakers enjoyed remarkable freedom to act during six years of economic hardship. There were no serious wage conflicts, threats from the military, peasant uprisings, or active guerrilla movements.

Difference Between Business Proposal and Formal Research Essay Example for Free

Difference Between Business Proposal and Formal Research Essay The final objective of the business proposal and a formal research establishes the differences between the two studies. Business proposal has a practical orientation and is designed to find the best solution to a problem in order to generate either financial savings or greater revenue (Bazerman, M. H., Moore, 2009). On the other hand, a formal research builds upon other comparable research to discover, demonstrate or test a hypothesis. It has no financial implications and generates a wide variety of findings that may be made applicable in a wide variety of contexts. Business proposal defines the problem as a business decision making concern, formal research estimates the problem as a potential contribution to scholarly research. When it comes to data gathering and use, business proposal looks for available data sources to make a decision, formal research produces own data to make a discovery. The approach for business proposal is to analyze different alternatives, for formal research is related to performing an experiment. Business proposal normally doesn’t use theoretical work ; on the other hand, formal research defines the theories that support the variable utilized in the hypothesis. The capability of the formal research consists of contributions to the academic world and the scholarly work while capability of a business proposal is to find solutions to business problems. Despite the many differences between business proposal and research project, there are some commonalities. One of them is that the findings in both cases may or may not be presented with headings and subheadings (Bazerman, M. H., Moore, 2009). Business proposal and formal research should work together. If no formal research is present , the proposal will be useless. To write a business proposal, there is a need to conduct a formal research on the market. The reason it is so important is that the viability of the business can be determined. It wouldn’t be logic to initiate any kind of business if the products or services are not needed by the visualized market. Business decisions require intelligence and how research can provide that intelligence. Business proposals contextualize the findings from formal research in an existing organizational structure.

Child Cognitive Development Observation Study

Child Cognitive Development Observation Study Childs Name: Allira Date: 17/03/2015 Childs age: 3 years 11 months Time: various Setting: outdoor setting Name of observer: Thi Pham (Sammi) Learning story: This morning Allira showed her interest in exploring a sand volcano- a natural phenomenon and feeling the rain during a physical activity. At 10 oclock, the weather was a little bit cloudy with gust of wind. Allira was still excited to engage in physical activity with her friends, they took turn to play the slide together. She held the ladder properly by her two hands. Then she put her right feet on the first stair, pushed her body forward then put her left feet on the next stair and climbed up to the slide. When Allira was on the top and ready to slide down, she stretched her wide arms, smiled happily and said Look! Im ready! yeah Then she ran quickly to the end of the line to wait for her turn. Suddenly, a strong wind blew her hair and it started to rain lightly. Its going to rain Allira said. Then she opened her palms to feel drops of rain touching her two little hands and her face. Together with other children, Allira was trying herself to put the raincoat on; she finished by doing a zipper skillfully. After that, she took a sand of bucket, ran to the sandpit to join the activity with others. One by one took turn to build a mound in the sand by shovels when it became bigger and higher. Look, its a volcano Allira said aloud. She looked like a scientist in a blue raincoat. They made a hole in the top and filled with water. All children were excited to see the water overflowing the hole. Allira pretended to be very scared, she opened her big eyes and yelled loudly Bum Bum Bum. Bum Bum Bum other children followed each other. Analysis: There is clear evidence in Alliras cognitive development when she showed her perceptual abilities via sensory experiences to explore the world. She felt and heard the sound of strong windy, touched the drops of rain and she know Its going to rain. She acknowledged cause and effect; the sound of volcano Bum Bum Bum during make-believe play. She get the information received from the environment to alter the way she interact and explore in the pretend play (Berk, 2013) There is a big process in Alliras physical development which has been seen clearly through this experience. Allira is able to keep balance to climb up the stairs with increasing agility and independently. Her fine gross motor skills have developed as she is able to use zipper herself; run confidently at speed to the sandpit with a heavy sand bucket without falling and build a volcano with a shovel. Her eye-body coordination was also addressed when she could coordinate her vision and body movement. Therefore, she has a strong sense of wellbeing Children take increasing responsibility for their own health and physical wellbeing (outcome 3, DEEWR, 2009, p.32) Allira has great sense of confidence in her physical ability; demonstrated a good social relationship when she was energetic to enjoy, take turn to play independently with others, (DEEWR, 2009, p.21). Future learning opportunities To develop Alliras gross- fine motor skills and mental health by engaging her in dancing, pushing cart, obstacle course, threading beads, tracing her name. To support her cognitive development and enlarge her knowledge about natural phenomenon by exploring a real volcano experience in sensory play To build positive social-emotional development with her friends and educators by creating a warm and trusting relationship by engaging in activity which she needs to take turn, share and contribute to help each other (outcome 1, DEEWR, 2009). Provision: Physical environment: safe outdoor playing area such as set up a challenging and fun physical activity: pushing cart, climbing or jumping Access intensive teaching and learning opportunities as well as equipment that facilitates social-emotional interaction. Sustainable materials/equipment: sand, flour, cooking oil, liquid detergent, baking soda and vinegar, water, wheelbarrow, cart, dough play, beads or play door equipment Responding to Alliras cues by asking her questions to express her ideas and give her opinion. References: Berk, L. (2013). Child development. Boston: Pearson. Department of Education, employment and workplace relation (DEEWR) (2009). Belonging, Being Becoming: The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia. Canberra: DEEWR.

Celie and Caddy of Color Purple and Sound and the Fury :: comparison compare contrast essays

Celie and Caddy of Color Purple and Sound and the Fury Reminisce of the days of being a child. What comes to mind? Feeling free and innocent? Basically, what society views childhood to be? Unfortunately, many children have horrible childhoods, suffering from abusive parents. Bad childhood stems from bad parents. Every ten seconds go by, and a parent abuses his child. Acts of rebellion, loss of self-esteem, lack of confidence-all factors are the results from a child being abused. Sadly, sometimes society ignores that aspect. Luckily, literature differs from other mediums in that it can express thoughts and emotional more effectively. Alice Walker's The Color Purple and William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury depict two girls going through a bad childhood. Celie and Caddy experience abuse from their parents, which causes Caddy and Celie to have emotional difficulties in their adult life. Caddy's parents never beat her or sexually molest her; she suffers from psychological neglect, which many people do not see as a type of abuse. Psychological neglect includes the lack of emotional support and love, or the parents never attend to the child. Neither Mr. Compson nor Mrs. Compson says, "I love you" to Caddy; they do not show any type of emotional support. The father is a booze-drinking-could-care-less-life-is-a-bitch-then-you-die type of person, and the mother is a neurotic, whining bitch. Guilty as charged. No personal relationship exists between Caddy and her father; Mr. Compson is not there for his daughter. Can a relationship be established with a man who believes women "have an affinity for evil for supplying w hatever the evil lacks in itself for drawing it about them instinctively... until the evil has served it's purpose whether it existed or no" (110)? He sees women as evil and subordinate. Whereas most fathers would be outraged, Mr. Compson disregards Caddy's promiscuity. To him, Caddy's promiscuity is natural, human absurdity. Her integrity is none of his concern. When a father fusses at his misguided child, it is a sign of caring; he is fusses to improve his child. Mr. Compson does nothing; he does not care, leaving Caddy neglected. Caddy's mother is no better than her father is. A girl needs her mother; a mother is the only one a girl can turn to sometimes. However, Mrs. Compson is not the mother that a girl can always rely on.

The History of Rollerblades :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Roller skating is said to have been born during the summer months when ice was not available. The first documented inventor of roller skates was John Joseph Merlin who was born September 17, 1735, in the city of Huys, Belgium. Merlin was well known for his abilities for making musical instruments and other interesting mechanical gadgets. Through various incarnations, roller skates strove to replicate the streamlined speed and maneuverability of ice skates, but without ball bearings or shock-absorbent wheels it would take 200 years before that dream was achieved. Even as late as 1960, the Chicago Skate Company attempted to market an inline skate that looked much like today's skate, but it did not offer sufficient comfort, stability or a reliable brake (Zaidman 1). Although the Chicago Skate Company’s attempt of the inline skate was not successful, it did play a pivotal role in the molding of what is now known as inline skating. In 1980, two hockey-playing Minnesota Olson brothers discovered the in-line skate that the Chicago Skate Company had manufactured while rummaging through a sporting goods store and decided that this design would make an ideal off-season hockey-training tool. They refined the skate and began assembling the first Rollerblade skates in the basement of their parents' Minneapolis home. Working in their garage, they modified the design to add plastic wheels, a molded boot shell, and a tow brake. The Olsen brothers sold their product, which they dubbed â€Å"Rollerblade Skate,† out of the back of their truck to off-season hockey player and skiers (Kerin 5). It was that same year, when they founded the company that would become Rollerblade ® (Rollerblade.com). In 1984, Minneapolis businessman Bob Naegele, Jr. purchased Olson's fledgling company, which eventually became Rollerblade, Inc. Though not the first company to manufacture inline skates, Rollerblade, by offering a comfortable skate with a reliable and easy-to-implement brake, took inline skating out of the exclusive domain of hockey players and introduced millions to the sport that now has the whole world on a roll (Zaidman 1). The History of Rollerblades :: essays research papers fc   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Roller skating is said to have been born during the summer months when ice was not available. The first documented inventor of roller skates was John Joseph Merlin who was born September 17, 1735, in the city of Huys, Belgium. Merlin was well known for his abilities for making musical instruments and other interesting mechanical gadgets. Through various incarnations, roller skates strove to replicate the streamlined speed and maneuverability of ice skates, but without ball bearings or shock-absorbent wheels it would take 200 years before that dream was achieved. Even as late as 1960, the Chicago Skate Company attempted to market an inline skate that looked much like today's skate, but it did not offer sufficient comfort, stability or a reliable brake (Zaidman 1). Although the Chicago Skate Company’s attempt of the inline skate was not successful, it did play a pivotal role in the molding of what is now known as inline skating. In 1980, two hockey-playing Minnesota Olson brothers discovered the in-line skate that the Chicago Skate Company had manufactured while rummaging through a sporting goods store and decided that this design would make an ideal off-season hockey-training tool. They refined the skate and began assembling the first Rollerblade skates in the basement of their parents' Minneapolis home. Working in their garage, they modified the design to add plastic wheels, a molded boot shell, and a tow brake. The Olsen brothers sold their product, which they dubbed â€Å"Rollerblade Skate,† out of the back of their truck to off-season hockey player and skiers (Kerin 5). It was that same year, when they founded the company that would become Rollerblade ® (Rollerblade.com). In 1984, Minneapolis businessman Bob Naegele, Jr. purchased Olson's fledgling company, which eventually became Rollerblade, Inc. Though not the first company to manufacture inline skates, Rollerblade, by offering a comfortable skate with a reliable and easy-to-implement brake, took inline skating out of the exclusive domain of hockey players and introduced millions to the sport that now has the whole world on a roll (Zaidman 1).

Electricity Policy Reform and Responsible Government in India Essay exa

With many different religious, ethnic, and social groups, the Republic of India is a unique and diverse state. Since gaining independence, India has faced a challenge of encouraging the variegated people within its borders to embrace and celebrate a common Indian identity even while nurturing their distinct cultures and traditions. This diversity is reflected throughout social and political challenges in Indian society. Although the different federal states are given a certain amount of leeway to accommodate for the population’s heterogeneity, the central government maintain a great amount of power for purpose of holding the nation together. As India has developed, one of its focuses has been the energy sector and increasing Indian citizens’ access to electricity. The government has historically carried a large influence over India’s vital electricity sector,. Electricity is a concurrent subject under the Cons titution, falling under the purview of both the central government and the states. Whether by influencing the electricity sector through private companies collaborating with the central government or acting directly through state-owned companies and bureaucracies, India has maintained a large degree of centralized control over the electricity sector. Since passing the Energy Conservation Act of 2001, the government has pursued a national policy of increasing Indian electricity independence and access. In order to meet these goals, India has used state-owned enterprises and bureaucratic institutions to maintain direct control over the sector. However, the Electricity Act of 2003 reformed India’s electricity policy, allowing for more electricity sector privatization and fewe... ...ar, Shailesh. "UP Farmers Continue Protest over Land Acquisition by Reliance." Down To Earth. N.p., 15 Feb. 2007. Web. 11 May 2014. "Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill." StudyMode.com, 01 January 2014. Web. 11 May 2014. Mona Sur and Dina Umali-Deininger, â€Å"Public Expenditures and Subsidies in Indian Surface Irrigation: Who Benefits,† paper presented at Water Week 2003, conference organized by World Bank, Washington, DC, 4-6 March 2003. Web. May 15, 2014. Tongia, Rahul. â€Å"The Political Economy of Indian Power Sector Reforms,† pp. 109-174 in: D.G. Victor and T.C. Heller, (eds.) 2007, Reforming Electric Power Markets in Developing Countries: Politics, Law and Institutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. March 2007. Web. 11 May 2014. United Nations. â€Å"Population and Vital Statistics Report.† January 1, 2013. Web. May 15, 2014.

Coca Cola Marketing Mix

Coca-Cola Marketing Mix The marketing mix of Coca cola has been changing over time with more and more products being added such that today it has 3300 products, and many different ways of advertising all those products. But because of this Coca cola is the brand with the highest brand equity. The 4 P’s of Marketing: Product, Price, Place and Promotion Product This company has the widest range of beverages of 3300 products. The Beverages are divided into many groups with individual products in these groups, these are; diet category, 100% fruit juices, fruit drinks, water, energy drinks, tea, coffee and more.Coca cola is the No. 1 brand in sparkling beverages, juice, and retail packaged water. Coca cola has its market presence around 200 countries. Coca cola’s other brands are Fanta, Maaza, Limca, sprite, Thums up, Minute Maid, Nimbu fresh, Nested iced tea and more. Price Because of the availability of the many different products the pricing is done according to the marke t and geographic segment. Each different brand of Coca Cola has different pricing strategy. Their pricing strategy is based on the competitors pricing, Pepsi is the main competitor to coke.Beverage market is said to be an oligopoly market (few sellers and large buyers), that’s why they form into cartel contract to ensure a mutual balance in pricing between the sellers. Place Coca cola is the world’s most favourite brand and is available all over the world. Selling in mostly everywhere in the world, you can find all the favourite different brands of Coca Cola in every big chain super market and in most little shops like corner shops. Promotion Coca cola uses various advertising and promotional strategies to create an increased demand in the market.They do this by associating Coca Cola with life style and behaviour and mainly targeting value based advertising. You are more likely to see a coke ad being for a particular festival or in with a general positive message. Coca cola uses CSR as its marketing tool to gain emotional benefits in consumers mind. The current promotions through CSR include â€Å"Support my school† campaign with NDTV. It allows price discounts and allowances to distributors and retailers in order to push more products into the market.It employs both push strategy through promotions and pull strategy through advertisements and campaigns. Also uses children in many adverts to get children interested in their products too. One of their most successful promotion idea was with farther Christmas, before coca cola St. Nick was wearing green but because of coca cola he is now the fat jolly guy wearing red that we all know now. Coca Cola targeted the most loved worldwide celebrated day of the year and tuned that day’s idol into something they created and will always be a big promoting point to them.

Divorce and Major Life Change

DIVORCE: SHOULD THERE BE REFORMS TO MAKE DIVORCE HARDER? OUTLINE Divorce: divorce can be said to be any form of dissolution of a marital union. A brief history of divorce: divorce dates back to when marriage started existing. It is aimed at bringing about peace to couples who can no longer tolerate each other. * Types of divorce * Causes of divorce Divorce: Discuss on the negative effects of divorce. The disadvantages divorce has on the various people affected. * Discuss on the effects of divorce on children. * Discuss on the effects of divorce on the parents. * Discuss on the effects of divorce on the society as a whole.Conclusion: due to the above listed points which strongly oppose divorce, there should be reforms to make it harder to get a divorce. PROPOSAL Divorce: should there be reforms to make divorce harder? Concerns of research: this paper is concerned with the effects of divorce and how it affects the society as a whole. It explains why divorce is rather negative thereby h ighlighting the adverse effects it has on the society. Question/ Topics to be addressed: 1. What are the causes of divorce? 2. How can causes these causes be controlled to avoid divorce? 3. What are the disadvantages of divorce? 4.How do these disadvantages affect the members of the family and society as a whole? Major issues or arguments on the research area include: 1. Effects of divorce on children 2. Effects of divorce on parents 3. Effects of divorce on the society My position regarding divorce: I propose the notion that there should be reforms to make divorce harder because there are too many divorce cases nowadays. Sources of information: websites, books, newspapers, journals, articles. Annotated Bibliography Foulkes, Lesley. The effects of divorce on children. n. d. 20 April 2012 . this gave me an insight on the problems children go through when their parents separate. It explains the negative effects divorce has on children. Johnson, Shannon. How does divorce affect girls? n. d. 24 April 2012 . ; this explains the effect of divorce on female children and how they are affected by it. It explains how traumatized they become. Nicholson, Joseph. what is the origin of divorce. n. d. 18 April 2012 . ; this gave me an idea of when divorce started and how divorce came into existence.Wikipedia. n. d. 18 April 2012 . ; this gave me an insight on the definition and types of divorce. It explains the various types of divorce we have. DIVORCE: SHOULD THERE BE REFORMS TO MAKE DIVORCE HARDER? The word divorce has Latin origin and is said to mean â€Å"the separation of things† (Nicholson). Marriage and divorce go hand in hand because there cannot be divorce without marriage. There is evidence that the history of divorce dates back to the distant past. It would be fair to say that divorce came about when marriage started existing.Divorce is any form of dissolution of a marital union (Wikipedia). It can also be said to be the termination of a marriage. It involv es the separation of a couple and withdrawal of any legal responsibilities which the couples owe each other. It is a mutual agreement between a husband and wife to separate due to certain reasons which make them unable to live with each other. Though divorce is a legal act, it does not always coincide with the couple’s emotions. Sometimes, you find couples splitting up not because they do not love each other but because of one offence committed by either of the spouses.Divorce is used as the easy way out when couples can no longer live with each other. The procedure of divorce varies greatly from country to country but in most countries there has to be a legal authorization from a court or any related legal authority. Between 1971 and 2011, almost all the countries legalized divorce leaving only a few countries where divorce is still not legalized. According to Wikipedia: â€Å"Between 1971 and 2011, five European countries legalized divorce: Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland and Malta. This leaves just the Philippines as the only country that does not have a civil procedure for divorce. Like every major life change, divorce is stressful. It brings about a lot of drastic changes to the family as a whole. It will then take time for the family to re-adjust into their new ways of life. For the couple, they learn to live an independent life without any support from their partner or in some cases with support from their partners. This factor depends on the type of divorce and the agreement between the couple. The couples also have to learn to be single parents in the case where children are involved. The children stay with either partner depending on the mutual agreement between the partners or custody given by court.Divorce can be viewed from two basic approaches; fault based and no-fault based though there are various types (Wikipedia). According to Wikipedia, we have the following types of divorces; No-fault divorce: this type of divorce does not require a ny allegation or proof of fault by either partner. This type of divorce also depends on the country. In some countries, the court only requires a statement of â€Å"irreversible breakdown† before the divorce can be legalized while in others, a statement of â€Å"irreconcilable differences† is required. Nowadays, most countries of the world do not practice this type of divorce. Wikipedia) Fault divorce: this type of divorce has been in existence since 1960. In this case, for a divorce to be legalized, the court requires proof that one of the partners committed an act incompatible with marriage. These proofs are called â€Å"grounds† of divorce or faults. This type of divorce is practiced by almost all countries of the world. (Wikipedia) Summary divorce: this is the type of divorce which is used when the partners meet eligible requirements or agree on key issues such as short marriage, no mortgage, no children and so on before the commencement of the marriage.This is only practiced in some countries. (Wikipedia) Uncontested divorce: this type of divorce occurs when the partners are able to come to an agreement with or without lawyers about their property, children and support issues. If the partners have a fair agreement, they can then present the court with it and their divorce will be legalized and if not, it is up to the court to decide how they will share everything. (Wikipedia) Collaborative divorce: this is a case whereby there is an agreement between spouses to go their separate ways which would require an attorney to be present.In this type of divorce the spouses do not necessarily separate because of disagreements, but because they decided to go their separate ways. Mediated divorce: this is a traditional type of divorce in which a mediator helps the two parties to communicate and provides information. At the end of the mediation process, they come to an agreement which they present to the court. (Wikipedia) Nowadays, the level at w hich people get divorced is rampant and it is increasing on a daily basis. There are various reasons which lead people to get divorces though some might not be supportable enough.The major family problems which lead to divorce include: adultery, lack of communication, young marriages. (Pansen) Adultery: this is when either of the spouses cheats on each other with a different person. It can also be when either of the spouses is engaged in extramarital affairs. This a very serious offence in a marriage because by committing adultery, you are sabotaging everything both of you have put into the marriage. Majority of marriages in which adultery was committed leads to divorce because it leaves the partners feeling betrayed. Pansen) Lack of communication: according to Sonel Pansen: â€Å"Lack of communication is one of the leading causes of divorce. A marriage is on the rocks when the lines of communication fail. † In recent times, a lot of families face financial problems and this causes spouses to work for longer hours and hence leaves them with little or no time to communicate with each other. Due to this, the partners do not discuss their problems or look for solutions to their problems. Little problems which could have been resolved accumulate into huge problems finally resulting in divorce. Pansen) Young marriages: as people always say; â€Å"young marriages do not last†. This statement is very true because most young marriages are rushed into. The partners at very young ages feel they are â€Å"in love† which makes them feel invincible. At that point in time, they do not think straight and feel marriage is the next step. This deprives the couple of getting to know each other. Most of these marriages end up in regret which leads to divorce. (Pansen) People who experience divorce are greatly affected by it and majority of the times, the effects are rather negative. Divorce is not in any way advisable.It brings about emotional instability, un happiness, broken homes, lack of unity. The only time when divorce should be considered is if the couple can no longer tolerate each other and they might cause harm to one another. Though these are the general effects of divorce, divorce has different effects on the different members of the family and the society as a whole. The effects of divorce can be divided into the effects on children, effects on the couple and the effects on the society. The effects of divorce on children The divorce of a couple brings about so much stress to their children.It leaves the children with the problems of having to adjust to a new life. Divorce usually brings about instability and unhappiness to the children. Most of the time, the children get drawn away from either parent depending on the parent who has custody over the children. The children also have a high tendency of having a decreased standard of living because they do not have both parents to care for them. The children might have divided l ives in cases where they live with both parents and this causes a lot of confusion for the children because they try to balance both life styles.Divorce also causes the children to bare more responsibilities because a broken home does not provide them with the care they require (Foulkes). Children from divorced homes usually tend to mature psychologically too fast or act older than their age and this may lead the children astray. Sometimes, divorce can bring about child abuse especially in situations where their parents remarry. According to researchers, the effect divorce has on children largely depends on their gender. Female children affected by divorce tend to be sexually abused due to lack of parental awareness or decreased parental awareness. (Johnson).Girls from divorce homes tend to engage in sexual activities at earlier ages hence leading to teenage pregnancies. A lot of female children also become runaways because they feel they are not getting enough attention. These girl s who run away end up prostituting or engaging in drugs because they have no guidance. Male children on the other hand tend to be more aggressive and disobedient (Foulkes). They tend to withdraw from their parents. They blame themselves for their parents’ divorce. Boys tend to go indulge in negative acts such as drinking, smoking, theft. They also suffer from depression. The effects of divorce on couplesThe effect of divorce on couples is devastating because during marriage, couples learn to live with each other and complement each other and when they get divorced, it is usually hard for them to adjust. They have to accept the fact they would not have their partner there for them anymore. Divorce is a very stressful process to couples; it brings about anxiety to both parties. Divorce affects couples socially, financially, economically and in so many other ways. Socially, because they might no longer get along or feel comfortable with each other, they result in having differen t friends or even changing their life styles.Economically, there are a lot of problems. They are faced with the problems of splitting properties (Gac). Though divorce affects the couple as a whole, its effects are rather different on the male and female partner. For male partners, divorce may interfere with their jobs and wage earning ability. They might even turn to drug trafficking or various other illegal acts as a means of income. They tend to live an unhealthy life because most of the times, they turn to alcohol and sleeping around with prostitutes for comfort. They get really stressed out and this leads to unnecessary anger.They tend to be distant from their children (Effets of divorce on men). The female partners on the other hand tend to get really emotional during divorce. A woman might feel guilty and blame herself for abandoning her family especially in the case where she has children. According to family. org. com, a renowned website, the most common effect of divorce on women is depression (Gleason). The female partners are also likely to go into prostitution as a means to get money to care for their children. They might turn to alcohol and having multiple sex partners as a means of relieving stress. The effect of divorce on the societyDivorce does not only affect the family members, it also affects the society as a whole. The family members who go through divorce usually end up as menaces to the society because they are into various negative acts. The rise in divorce rates also leads to increase in emotional instability and crime rates (The effects of divorce on the society). In societies of today, the situations concerning illegal acts and crime rates are already too high as it is and divorce is just adding to it. Sometime ago, divorce was considered to be a social taboo and was avoided as much as possible but in today’s generation, divorce seems to be a normal thing.Divorce, directly or indirectly has too many negative effects on the ind ividuals involved and the society at large. Experts suggest that the easing of the divorce process makes the rate of divorce more rampant. If there were reforms to make divorce getting a divorce harder, a lot of the problems listed above would be waved. According to the Qur’an â€Å"The most hateful permissible thing (al-Halal) in the sight of Allah is divorce (Abu Dawud, Hadith 1863, Ibn Majah, Hadith 2008). † (islamicislamic. com) This is a statement from the Qur’an which clearly shows that God is against divorce.It does not only show his detest for divorce, it further explains that divorce is the most hateful permissible sin. Jesus is reported to have said:† â€Å"Whoever divorces his wife and marries another, commits adultery against her; and if a woman divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery (Mark 10:11-12). † (islamicislamic. com)This statement shows that Christianity has prohibited the marriage to a divorced man or woma n. Though it is not directly said that divorce is prohibited, it is common sense to depict that divorce is not supported by Christianity or Islam.The two major religions in the world which are Islam and Christianity are strongly against divorce. Your religion is what you believe in, it determines the way you live your life and clearly it points out that divorce is wrong and should be a last resort. Is this not enough reason to stay away from divorce? Divorce greatly affects the partners involved but most of all; it affects the children the most. Why should innocent children have to pay for mistakes which are not theirs? In one way or the other, when you look at divorce from different perspectives, it all boils down to being wrong.There are too many divorces in the world now and they are mostly caused by stupidity because most of the causes of divorce can be resolved if the couple would communicate. Mostly, people just use divorce as an excuse when in the real sense it can be resolve d. I do hope people realize the wrongs of divorce and the great effects it has on people and the society and hence make reforms that would make getting divorces harder. This will greatly help because the level at which people get divorces would be greatly reduced. Works Cited Effets of divorce on men. n. d. 19 April 2012 . Foulkes, Lesley. The effects of divorce on children. n. d. 20 April 2012 . Gac, Dennis. The effects of divorce on couple. 6 October 2010. 20 April 2012 . Gleason, Kathy. The effect of divorce on children. 30 June 2010. 2012 21 2012 . islamicislamic. com. n. d. 20 April 2012 . Johnson, Shannon. How does divorce affect girls? n. d. 24 April 2012 . Nicholson, Joseph. what is the origin of divorce. n. d. 18 April 2012 . Pansen, Sonel. Common causes and reasons for divorce. 12 February 2011. 20 April 2012 . â€Å"The effects of divorce on the society. † Divorce 28 June 2010. Wikipedia. n. d. 18 April 2012 .

The Threshold Of Museums Architecture Essay

Altes Museum in Berlin was designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel in 1830s. They manner is has been done inflected many designers ‘ work. From this edifice, we could experience Schinkel desires to supply the people who lived in or visited his edifices with elusive spacial experiences and see the relationship of constructing with their landscape scenes. He diverted the focal point of architectural concern off from the design of frontages as planar in writing composings and towards thoughts working the three dimensions of infinite together with a 4th that of motion in clip. This implied a richer and more complex construct of architecture, one that was non simply preoccupied with issues of manner and proportion. When you walk into this museum, the first thing you will detect is wide step upwards and 18 ionic columns in lift. Columns are sandwiched between a dais and an entablature. As you climb the wide stairss, you will travel through these ionic columns which form an 87 metres long portico with statues along the side. This is the minute you feel you are non merely the perceiver but a portion of this architecture or a participant in this spacial experience. There are options for farther motion. You could walk through the rotunda which is the bosom of the edifice, and so travel into the galleries. Or you could turn left or right so climb up the stepss to the upper degree straightly ; you could look back through the dual bed of columns to the exterior or into the rotunda. It is a great mediate infinite which connected out-of-door landscape and inside universe. You could literally see through the infinite, smell the fresh air, and experience the hierarchy and transparence of the layout Schinke l carefully arranged. Besides, you could experience you are portion of this experience by being in the spacial passage and connexion. This edifice is non simply a affair of ocular visual aspect and sculptural signifier but is besides an instrument for orchestrating experience, it designed to take people move up and down, inside and outside by stepss, change their position by through columns and degrees. POMPIDOU CENTRE The George Pompidou Centre in Paris built between 1970 and 1977 by the designer Renzo Piano & A ; Richard Rogers. The edifice housed humanistic disciplines, books and modern-day diversion. The site of this undertaking was a monolithic auto park. Rogers and Piano won the competition ; theirs first program is to utilize the half of the infinite available go forthing the remainder as a forecourt. The determination really became the most successful one in the design. The construction of Pompidou Centre is simple and insistent. The designers put the functional parts which would usually be indoors on the exterior of edifice. All the edifice facade covered with glass, which both physiological reaction and shrive the metropolis. Six paseos have been installed on every floors confronting to the forecourt and the metropolis Centre. Outside of the construction frame, the immense escalator was placed which conveyance visitants up to the 5th degree. These two super beds on the frame of the edifice give the visitant a sort of industrial image. Peoples traveling through the transpierced tubing to acquire the floor they want to travel to. It is non merely a edifice with skeletonal volume and supplying sufficient wall construction but besides the immense lattice truss provides the flexibleness. The designers decide to construct a flexible shelter and supply public infinite to wait and see, instead than do a memorial or cultural infinite at the first topographic point. The forecourt is every bit of import as the edifice to people. It is a existent liveable urban infinite in the dense environment. It besides makes the edifice more belong to the metropolis. The forecourt has a soft incline ; force visitants pass the entryway country easy. There is no important separation between the forecourt and the anteroom. The land degree is besides a immense unfastened infinite with no columns, where people could experience the continuity of infinite. The forecourt introduces the Centre and the entryway is the continuity of the metropolis. The forecourt besides exhibits the â€Å" life † of the metropolis, so excessively do th e facades. The paseos is non merely free circulation infinite, they besides reflex the meeting point between the edifice and the metropolis. So the whole facade is accentually a public infinite. Different motion is unrestricted and free in this infinite, from street to the forecourt, the tubing to the paseo. Visitors do non necessitate to pay for traveling into the escalator, for the full experience of the whole sequences. It is so liveable. Although, it is a immense graduated table – about twice high as the environing edifice, but it is non separated from the metropolis. It is the most popular edifice for visitants and locals, and besides became a memorial of the metropolis. Peoples non merely come for the installation but the topographic point and the positions. Tate MODERN Tate Modern is one of the most celebrated national galleries of modern art in London. It seated at the bank side, linked to St Paul ‘s Cathedral by the Millennium Footbridge. It was used to be a Power Station, designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott and has been regenerated by Herzog & A ; de Meuron from 1994-2000. The chief entryway located at the west side of the edifice. When you walk near to the edifice from West, foremost, at your left manus side, you will see a green forecourt with black benches linear distributed. At right side, you would happen a incline downwards, about 18-20 metres broad. Walking down gently, you could see the glassy door and drape wall and the mark on top, and people would eventually recognize it is the manner in. The tallness of the door is truly low with rather long extension on the top, so while you go throughing it you could non appreciate to the full vision of the interior right off. The incline does n't halt here but extends down to the interior. The lone different is two metres broad stairss along the right manus side of the incline after go throughing through the glassy door. While you carry on walking down for twosome of stairss, you will all of a sudden acquire full image of the inside – the Turbine Hall, a immense graduated table infinite. The desig ners leave the whole infinite strictly appear to the visitants. Five-storages tall, 3,400 square metres infinite which was housed all the electricity generators of old power station. It is a infinite for specially-commissioned plants by modern-day creative persons. A line drive roof visible radiation dropped from the top, continued down to the back wall. This hall has been compared with the Bibliotheque royale de Paris by Etienne-Louis Boullee, about the similar full-length fanlight and tremendous tallness above, besides the chances for people to look the cardinal country from the side. They want to do the infinite as breezy and easygoing, and expose itself at the get downing instead than art. This is besides a sort of jubilation the designers intend to do before the exhibition. The ramp supports taking you to the response country and the forepart of cardinal step, a upraised black home base which looks like a span cross above. The first options for the visitant is that you could ta ke to travel underneath the upraised country, forwards to the back portion of the turbine hall, to the left where is the major conveyance area- the escalators, or to the upper degree which connected straight to the north entryway and the river bank. However, the river side entryway seems to be more popular than the chief one, largely because it located right to one terminal of the Millennium Bridge which connected with St Paul ‘s Cathedral. So people from north bank could really walk cross the span and acquire into the museum. The other ground likely is because of assorted activates, there are many people traveling along the river bank, besides a nice green country with seats provide infinite to the street performing artists and sellers. The ambiance here is much more liveable comparison to the forecourt of chief entryway. Herzog & A ; de Meuron describe the passage of the entrance as â€Å" the minute of breathless admiration † . The idea if they want to convey the perceiver the feeling of being overawed, of holding to catch one ‘s breath before existent magnificence, they must led them through the oculus of a needle – a tunnel. The incline is little more than a somewhat tightened transcript of the entree incline to the Pompidou Centre, but they extend the incline to twice the length, for at an unexpected point they increase the already huge tallness of the hall by rupturing out the old floor above the basement, to do the over high hall even higher. JEWISH MUSEUM The Jewish Museum in Berlin was built between 1993 and 1998 by the designer Daniel Libeskind. He called his design for the Jewish Museum Berlin â€Å" Between the Lines. † The floor program is shaped like a zigzag line and is intersected by a consecutive line. Empty infinites called nothingnesss extend the tallness of the edifice at the interfaces. The zinc-clad facade is covered by diagonal cuts – the window gaps. Three waies cross on the lower degree: the Axis of Exile, the Axis of the Holocaust, and the Axis of Continuity, Which leads to the museum ‘s upper narratives. Daniel Libeskind said: â€Å" What is of import is the experience you get from it. The reading is unfastened. † As Libeskind said, the experience is the important. It is like a narrative he want to state. The zinc-clad edifice attracted people from distance on the street, but there is no entryway. There is besides no mark stating people where the manner in is. The chief entryway of the museum really located at the old eighteenth century edifice. Peoples have to walk into the bing edifice, pass the response and eventually acquire to the manner into the chief portion. It is a big entryway at right manus side in untreated concrete with crisp angles. It unfastened onto a stairway that alternatively of stairss to the upper floor as it is to be expected in museum, the stairway goes underground. So the visitant of the museum starts from the foundation of the old edifice. But architect reveals the suggestion instantly, if you look up, you see the stairway is really at the really underside of concrete well that without any functional justification pierced the old edifice in every degree. So people coul d see the concrete well from all floors up to the eaves. The concrete tower guards the entryway to underground country that seems first sight to be much simpler so the broken-line surface edifice people seeing from the street. And Daniel thought this is the existent bosom of this undertaking. They are three corridors. The cardinal island means merely two could be seen at a clip. It is impossible to hold overall vision. It is the axis. An axis is a consecutive line about which the portion of the organic structure or system axiomatically arranged. The three axes here represent the three major experiences the Judaic life in old yearss: continuity, expatriate and decease. The visible radiations on the ceiling besides accent the thought of axis. Merely the heterosexual and longest way leads to the chief portion of the museum. It leads to a stairway seems to be rather modest, as walking up, all of a sudden dramatic position reveals. Straight-line stairway keeps traveling up to make the to p floor. Architect frees the infinite with lone one direction- upwards. Great concrete beams stabilized the construction seems have trouble to keep the edifice. There are besides six different form concrete avoids in the edifice, pierced the edifice in every floor. The lone lighting comes from fanlight. The threshold in Jewish Museum is non the infinite we normally could see. In this instance, passage infinite ( the axis, the step, the avoid, the visible radiation ) became the most of import portion to uncover the spirit of this edifice, a narrative which the designer wants to portion with all the visitants. He besides intend to do this edifice non obvious and leave all those intending and concealed force to be explored by the visitants, or more accurately, the participants. CAIXA FORUM Caixa Forum built between 2001 and 2007 in Madrid by the designer Herzog & A ; de Meuron. It is a post-modern art gallery located at the Centre of metropolis. It is housed in a born-again 1899 power station. The designers decided to pulverize the original roof and insides. They cut away the granite base of the brick outside walls, making the semblance that the edifice floats in midair, vibrating over a covered entry place. With the add-on of two upper narratives clad in rusted dramatis personae Fe and two resistance degrees, they doubled the edifice ‘s tallness and increased its size five times to more than 100,000 square pess. In short, the designers have skinned and gutted the construction like an animate being, transforming its tatterdemalion brick shell, four withes thick, into an alien veneer. The basic scheme of the Caixa Forum design is similar to that to raise the edifice up and make a shaded public place underneath. It is because the status of the site is rather compressive, with the narrow back streets inclining upward on one side. To cut off the bottom portion makes the edifice more seeable and accessible from different waies. When you walk from cross street, no affair from forepart or back, the first feeling is a drifting edifice with different colorss and the green wall beside. Take some more stairss ; you will instantly experience the dramatic utilizing of stuff. The unbelievable texture utilizing for the frontage and the pavement, make a alone image. Several beds revealed on it, the covered place made by many triangular panels, the bing portion, the top extension with pierced corroding Fe and the perpendicular green standing by the side. Geting under the covered place, you will happen the environing all of a sudden acquire dark, and see reflecting ceiling which m ade by triangular iron-cast panel, the dynamic infinite with three nucleuss incorporating which back uping the edifice and besides a fountain by the side. These irregular panels are hung from the upper floor slab, go oning to the cardinal entryway – a dramatic coiling entry with crisscrossing exposed fluorescent lamps on top. So people move from the dark and heavy entry plaza up to the entryway could all of a sudden experience the crisp contrast between the two infinites. Another cardinal infinite is the chief star – a white curving bannister of quietly finished concrete. This coiling signifier will take visitants straight up to the top floor cafe where could hold a veiled position of the botanical garden and environing through the perforated dramatis personae Fe. Herzog & A ; de Meuron developed the scheme on impressions of character and montage. It gives each infinite its peculiar animal and experiential personality. They explored it through different belongingss of stuffs and texture, transmutation and decay. It created an immediately recognizable icon from distance that is besides a infinite of fascinating complexness while walking into it. 21th CENTURY MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ART The 21th Century Museum in Kanazawa, Japan built by the designer SANAA between 2000 and 2004. It is located in the centre of metropolis Kanazawa with complex contexts: town hall, public park, opera house, shopping promenade, town hall, kindergarten and residential. Peoples come from many waies for different intents, for that ground, SANAA planned to give the edifice a circuital signifier right from the start. That makes it every bit accessible from all waies, without any differentiation between forepart and back. The edifice has two zones, the museum zone which required admittance tickets, and the socialising zone which is free for public. But they are non wholly separated. The designers want these two zones to be visually linked, divided merely by crystalline acrylic doors and courtyards. The first cardinal component of this edifice is the outer walls. They are made of glass, reflecting the environing landscape. It was designed so that the interior and outside of the edifice overlap visually in the curving glass surface. Besides it offers a 360-degree position of the milieus. At the same clip, SANAA decided to utilize way and courtyard to carve the passage infinite out, left merely the solid – exhibition country. Four major courtyards provide visitor several chances to be exposed to the full to the natural visible radiation. Corridors are like streets, traversing from north to south and east to west, making links with the landscapes outside and indoors. These are besides for the populace to utilize for free, unlike the Pompidou Center which set back to make a square for public, this edifice intend to excavate itself from inside to ask for public as participant. In this edifice, when the motions of the people inside the edifice are seeable from without, the sequence of events becomes a portion of its external visual aspect. The manner they look at events reflects how the designers perceive modern-day state of affairss. They interpret this infinite by making elements of contrast and continuity between the architecture and its scene. They thought transparence has a particular significance in this museum. It is non merely a manner of accomplishing elation, information, openness, and light, or including human motion as a portion of the design. It is about â€Å" the feel of life † . Doctrine A museum is much more than the construction of exhibiting. It could be a physical system of warming and chilling, of illuming and darkening, of traveling and remaining, of preserving and decaying, of detecting and larning. Besides, it is a religious construction of entering and depicting, of concealment and disclosure, of bounding and meeting. However, it is ever a construction for public utilizing ; hence, one of the most of import systems would be come ining and go forthing. We ca n't merely believe about an exhibition room to understand the museum without sing the procedure of passage. This sort of passage infinite is made of sofa, transition, entry, and go outing etc. It could be describe as a system. We could look it separately, but really they ever bound up. We do non comprehend sprit of a museum by exhibits. Peoples coming from different waies gather in the same shelter, take some clip, walking, looking, listening, seating, eating and go forthing. The public presentation is systematically affected by the architecture, the system. The manner of the system operate force us how to execute it in. While we follow the direction to execute it, different human Acts of the Apostless reveal. Ultimately, acts we made make us genuinely perceive and understand the infinite. Neil Leach described the thought of door, is that The door becomes the image of the boundary point at which human existences really ever stand or can stand. The finite integrity, to which we have connected a portion of infinite infinite designated for us, reconnects it to this latter ; in the integrity, the edge and the boundary less adjoint one another, non in the dead geometric signifier of a mere dividing wall, but instead as the possibility of a lasting interchange. In museum, the suites and art objects form merely the container, but it is non all about that shell, the content is formed by the visitants. Without that, it ‘s like a painting merely with dead surface. In this instance, museum is non a private aggregation, an art reappraisal ; it is ever about the populace. That is why we find museum admirable.

The Explorer Doughter

The Explorer’s Daughter Background Kari Herbert, whose father was a polar explorer, lived as a child with her family in northwest Greenland in the Arctic. She was so fascinated by the place she returned there later as an adult to write about it. The book from which this extract is taken is partly a memoir (a form of autobiography) and partly a travel book, giving the reader information about this strange and beautiful place, its people and its animals. She found that the way of life of the Inughuit people was changing under the impact of the modern world, but that they still retained aspects of their traditional way of life, for instance hunting for food and driving teams of dogs. A major part of the passage is an account of a hunt for narwhal whales. Hunting is a very emotive issue and many conservationists argue that whales should be protected. Kari Herbert’s feelings are divided on this topic. She sympathises with both the narwhal and the hunters, who face incredible danger. They hunt in kayaks – flimsy canoes – in water so cold that they would die quickly if their kayak overturned. What can I say about language? This passage has many purposes. The writer uses language in differing ways to fulfil these. She uses description to convey the beauty of the setting, gives us information about the Inughuit and the narwhal, dramatises the hunt, and gives us an insight into her own thoughts and feelings. Complete the following table to help you sort out these various strands. Kari Herbert sympathises with both hunter and hunted, and this tension is shown in this passage. Complete the following table to highlight this aspect of the passage Pharagraph by Pharagerph Paragraph 1 â€Å"†¦ spectral play of colour. † This sentence shows a sense of immediate aroma. It is an imagery so give a strong sense of place and setting. â€Å".. butter-gold.. † This text shows a sense of wealth â€Å".. shifting light. † is Poetical Paragraph 2 â€Å"dead of winter† This is a metaphor – weaker setting the tone is ominous and there is the sense of place and danger Paragraph 3 â€Å"dead of winter† is a metaphor to show a weaker setting. The whole of paragraph 3 has an ominous tone. It shows a sense of place and danger. Paragraph 4 The whole of paragraph 4 has a shift in tone from paragraph 3; it is more factual, informative and for example shows this by using technical words. It is also the biggest paragraph. In the context you find out that the community really relies on the hunting and how dangerous it is. Paragraph 5 â€Å".. clustered.. † The word clustered is a powerful connotation, it means that the women are scared so they huddle together and try to comfort each other. â€Å"It was like watching a cast, waterborne game with the hunters spread like a net around the sound†. This sentence is imagery. It has added adverbs to show how scared the women were and how much their husbands are important in their life. Paragraph 6 â€Å"†¦ gently picked up his harpoon† thought and care, focus on the actual hunt and the text also switches back to the hunters. â€Å"†¦ two heads and one bladder† not high-tech technology, limited, she respects them because they are using a harpoon, she is sympathetic to the narwhal and the hunters, dramatic. â€Å".. urge†¦ † to show how strongly she wanted the narwhal to survive â€Å"†¦ o dive, to leave, to survive† – triad Paragraph 7 â€Å"The dilemma stayed†¦ † This shows that she's not that sure who to be sympathetic for, the narwhal or the hunters but her sympathy gets switched back to the hunters un this paragraph. â€Å"How can you possibly eat seal? † is a view point of society this shows that the modern person thinks that this is a crime. -she build s up her argument, these are the points of her argument â€Å"use every part of the animal† – so theres no waste/leftover â€Å"imported goods can only ever account for†¦ † â€Å"do not kill for sport†

Pfeffer High Performance Practices

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR HIGH PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Report for the CEO Goncalo Correia MIB28 The Trivalor Holding The Trivalor Holding, is a Portuguese group created more than 50 years ago by a Portuguese business man, having started with two companies in the Business Services segment, and evolving over time, securing a position as the biggest services group in Portugal, owning today 16 companies and employing at times over 11. 000 workers. The areas covered by the group are, social and public food services, emission and management of services tickets, commercialization and logistics of food products, industrial cleanings, uman and robotic security, transport of values, vending machines and archive management.The main clients of the state are public administration, local city councils, hospitals, schools, and defense forces as well as prisons. Historically, the group, has always had an â€Å"employer friendly† policy, and is known for the fact of never having lay- ­? off one single worker following a â€Å"Japanese† style management. The majority of the technical and administrative workforce has worked there since the beginning of the company and there is a unity feeling that can be easily perceived amongst the workers. Nevertheless, from my point of iew, due to its size and age, it has created over the time some habits that fail to evolve from a top- ­? down to a integrative style management where workers are part of everyday decisions, fact which after reading this paper I believe could be substantially ameliorated contributing for an efficiency breakthrough needed by us to remain competitive. 2 Status Quo In an evolving business environment such as the one we live in nowadays, where there is a clear tendency of companies in the first world countries to walk towards a service driven economy, human resources are one if not the most important assets that a firm can have.This should not be ignored or by any means devalued by top management, tha t in order to retain its best individuals within the firm, must adapt, motivate and commit to people in all levels of work. In current times, polls show a high- ­? growing discontentment of people towards their professional careers. For this, workers lack motivation, not feeling aligned with the company goals, ultimately seeing the organization they work for as the â€Å"enemy†, facts that are responsible for the loss of Billions of dollars every year. Amongst the main reasons for this dissatisfaction, Pfeffer stresses out, issues like Company Trust, or in ther words how does the employee perceives to what degree the statements, relations and promises from the company are feasible and fulfilled in the future, Job Security, the prospects of maintaining their job position in the long term as well as the dependence on externalities such as economic downturns and crisis, or industry distresses;Work- ­Family relation, which is commonly perceived as a distributive issue, meanin g that a person which is good in the family- ­? relations must necessary lack of commitment to their job, and finally Poor Job conditions and environment, when people don’t feel comfortable with the workplace s well as their professional relations. Historically, the firms that have soon understood this, and practice a high commitment tactics towards all its stakeholders, were able to profit on long periods of success, and ultimately guarantee financial wealth. Taking Advantage of an Integrative Management style As our company has been in the services and utilities business for decades, from my point of view, we have gained the habit of taking a more accommodated approach in the relation with our employees, failing sometimes to take advantages from some high commitment tactics, many of which could be put in practice with little pending and effort.Our group policy has been since the beginning to offer a work for life, offering a secure position as long as the co- ­? workers comply with what it is requested from them, what accordingly to Pfeffer and proven by our success of transforming a small company in the biggest group in the country inside our industry paid- ­? off in the long- ­? term. Nevertheless, I believe it is important to express that from my analysis of the article that you as CEO asked me to read we are still lacking off on issues like training and skill development, as our R&D expenditure has been practically none over the last couple of ears. 3 I believe that by continuously training and investing in our co- ­? workers, through coaching programs, team building days, and more corporate events, more than just gaining the advantages of what they will learn and apply to our daily operations, we can make them getting involved with their work tasks what will bring a substantial increase in their performance. Nowadays I believe our relationship between employees is above average but there is still a big power- ­? distance within Trival or.This comes hand- ­? in- ­? hands with the decentralization of our daily decisions, which I believe some of these have the potential f being made from bottom- ­? up rather than following our historical rigid and traditional top- ­? down hierarchy model as in many cases it is the workers down the hierarchy chain have best knowledge of some the operational processes. Studies suggest that workers that feel their importance to the organization, and that are trusted with a great deal of information, tend to feel more involved, making better- ­? informed decisions about operational facts. Further, from an organizational behavior point of view, people tend to be concerned with affiliation within a group and the fact of feeling that they are part of something has lso a very positive effect in their performance.People do worry about their work relationships and about the other worker’s opinions on themselves. Reciprocity should be a central concept to bear in mind, defende d by Pfeffer when managing the relations between an organization and its co- ­? workers. To me, even searching in common sense, my empirical experiences suggest that people work better under devotion than obligation, and workers often tend to be much more pro- ­? active giving valuable and balanced input and new ideas when they feel a inner rush to please their superiors and the organization, rather than working n a fear oriented regime, where individuals respond by impulses. Deepened by further research I must underline my belief that by uniting all the above factors, would constitute an important milestone in the process of achieving what Professor Michael Beer identified as the three main goals in the quest for success in management.First, Performance Alignment1, the designing of a winning strategy to achieve long- ­? term goals, (by training and coaching our employees). Second, a Psychological Alignment, providing to our co- ­? workers a mindset that fosters meaning of t heir task, challenging work, a pleasant work environment nd the capacity to make a difference (through offering more autonomy, respect and conditions) and finally Capacity for Learning Change, by making everyone from the lowest level to senior places feel like part of something- ­? our company. 1 High Commitment High Performance: How to Build A Resilient Organization for Sustained Advantage, Michael Beer Hardcover, August 2009 4 Implementation Challenges Analyzing our company, it is not hard to spot some of our pit- ­? falls when it comes to high performance management tactics.When reading the points described above you might end up asking yourself, if this analysis is not just resenting facts of good sense, and that the position defended by Pfeffer is obvious. But if this is true, why do we then fail to implement the suggested changes in our organization? The first reason that can come up to your head is cost. As I am aware, mainly due to externalities like the 2008 downturn cr isis our group has been trying to cut costs, mainly changing processes (specially logistics) into a lean management style, and betting on credit recuperation, although opting always by not laying- ­? off co- ­? workers.This might seem stressful time to propose these kinds of structural changes to the shareholder, as we have een feeling pressure from upstream to retain costs. Nevertheless I would argue that even in the medium term, the results will be felt, and by implementing some of these changes would have a positive effect on our employees trust, representing a boost in the recuperation from last year hard times. Further, as our macro- ­? economic situation in Portugal is very unsure at the time, as our government is struggling to approve its deficit budget with the European Union, I believe that these measures could consolidate our firm’s image that no matter what, we keep our dynamic capabilities and do not stagnate our processes even in imes of economic downturn. This, not to mention the confidence passed to our co- ­? workers that currently face a confidence crisis triggered by the media alarmism. We must not fall in the trap of following our competitor’s measures in order to secure our market position.Also I believe that by having a single shareholder we are in a privileged position, as if we are able to expose and adopt these tactics, we do not suffer pressures from other shareholders that could eventually feel they are being putted second after the employees. Concluding, my last point resides on our company being a pioneer when it comes to rewarding ethods. It was in fact the first group in the country to implement the â€Å"American reward system†, knowledge acquired by our Shareholder in the beginning of his life still as a manager working in the U. S. Our system relies on meritocracy, and even at the lowest levels, let’s take for example a cook in one of our hospital canteen, can make up to 20% of her base salar y if there is a compliance and dedication to schedules, attendance and customer satisfaction. Nevertheless, I believe that in addition to this, there could be offered an extra remuneration to the team as a whole including the cooks, the responsible of the canteen